妊娠期不良暴露对子代骨骼肌功能影响的研究进展

Research progress on the effects of adverse exposure during pregnancy on skeletal muscle function in the offspring

骨骼肌作为机体最重要的肌肉之一,在维持机体代谢功能、能量稳态、运动功能和内分泌功能中发挥重要作用。妊娠期是人体骨骼肌生成和发育的关键时期。妊娠期母体遭受到的不良环境暴露会对子代骨骼肌的健康产生不同的影响。妊娠期肥胖会通过影响胎儿骨骼肌代谢及炎症相关通路的改变介导子代骨骼肌中脂质形成;妊娠期高糖高脂等不良饮食习惯会影响子代骨骼肌线粒体的自噬功能,降低子代骨骼肌质量;妊娠期营养缺乏会通过影响子代骨骼肌的表观遗传学修饰影响其发育;妊娠糖尿病可能通过上调子代骨骼肌中微RNA(miR)-15a和miR-15b水平影响其功能;妊娠期环境内分泌干扰物暴露可能通过干扰子代骨骼肌胰岛素受体相关信号通路损害骨骼肌功能。本文综述了临床和模式动物研究中妊娠期母体不良暴露对子代骨骼肌功能的影响及可能机制,以期为子代骨骼肌出生缺陷的防治提供科学依据。

Skeletal muscle plays a crucial role in maintaining metabolism,energy homeostasis,movement,as well as endocrine function.The gestation period is a critical stage for myogenesis and development of the skeletal muscle.Adverse environmental exposures during pregnancy may impose various effects on the skeletal muscle health of the offspring.Maternal obesity during pregnancy can mediate lipid deposition in the skeletal muscle of the offspring by affecting fetal skeletal muscle metabolism and inflammation-related pathways.Poor dietary habits during pregnancy,such as high sugar and high fat intake,can affect autophagy of skeletal muscle mitochondria and reduce the quality of the offspring skeletal muscle.Nutritional deficiencies during pregnancy can affect the development of the offspring skeletal muscle through epigenetic modifications.Gestational diabetes may affect the function of the offspring skeletal muscle by upregulating the levels of miR-15a and miR-15b in the offspring.Exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors during pregnancy may impair skeletal muscle function by interfering with insulin receptor-related signaling pathways.This article reviews the research progress on effects and possible mechanisms of adverse maternal exposures during pregnancy on the offspring skeletal muscle function based on clinical and animal studies,aiming to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and treatment strategies of birth defects in the skeletal muscle.