我国篮球裁判员青少年比赛执裁的运动负荷研究

Research on the Workload of Referees in Youth Basketball Competition in China

为进一步了解我国篮球裁判员比赛执裁过程中的运动负荷,进而为我国的篮球裁判员体能训练、评估和发展提供数据支撑和理论依据,研究选择浙江省青少年篮球联赛的36名国家一级篮球裁判员为测试对象,测试不同赛段(小组赛、交叉赛和名次赛)和每场比赛不同小节裁判员的心率、移动距离和速度等指标。使用双因素重复测量方差分析和事后比较检验竞赛阶段和小节对篮球裁判员内外部负荷的影响和差异。结果显示①不同比赛小节对裁判员执裁的最小心率(第1节小于其余各节,F=12.199,P=0.000)、平均心率(第1节小于第2节,F=5.179,P=0.005)和移动距离(第1节大于其余各节,F=8.206,P=0.001)有显著影响,不同赛段对裁判员跑动的最大速度(名次赛高于小组赛,F=4.593,P=0.017)有显著影响,②赛段和小节的交互作用对移动距离(名次赛组,第1节、第2节均高于第4节F=2.718,P=0.017)和平均速度(名次赛组,第1节大于第3节;第1节,小组赛小于名次赛F=2.643,P=0.024)有显著影响。研究结论认为我国篮球裁判员在执裁中学生比赛的开始阶段经历较低生理负荷,在名次赛阶段表现出更高速度和距离。

This study aimed to explore the workload of basketball referees in different phases and quarters of the Chinese high school basketball league,providing a basis for the physical training,assessment,and development of basketball referees.This study selected 36 national-level basketball referees from the Youth Basketball League in Zhejiang Province as participants.The study assessed various indicators,including heart rate,running distance,and speed,during different stages of competition(group phase,cross phase,and ranking phase)and in different quarters of each game.Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and post hoc comparisons were used to assess the impact and differences of competition phases and quarters on the internal and external loads of basketball referees.The results revealed that①Quarters significantly affected the minimum heart rate(1st quarter<others,F=12.199,P=0.000),average heart rate(1st quarter<2nd quarter,F=5.179,P=0.005),and distance covered(1st quarter>others,F=8.206,P=0.001).The competition phase significantly affected the maximum speed(ranking phase>group phase,F=4.593,P=0.017).②The interaction of competition stages and quarters significantly affected the distance covered(ranking phase,1st quarter and 2nd quarter>4th quarter,F=2.718,P=0.017)and average speed(ranking phase:1st quarter>3rd quarter;1st quarter:group phase<ranking phase,F=2.643,P=0.024).The research conclusion suggests that referees experience lower physiological loads in the early stages of officiating high school basketball games,showing higher speed and distance covered in the ranking phase.