域外立法管辖权国际法规则的反思与重构

Reflection and Reconstruction for Rules of International Law of Extraterritorial Legislative Jurisdiction

在国际法允许的限度内推动一国法律对域外的事项发生效力,对于维护本国国家利益意义重大。关于域外立法管辖权的国际法规则,“国际法无禁止即允许”说与国家主权平等原则相抵触,逆国际人权法的发展潮流,容易造成国家间的域外立法管辖权冲突。当前在世界范围内被普遍遵循的“国际法无授权即禁止”说存在难以适应数字经济时代的发展步伐与许可性立法原则边界不清的问题,且未合理限制符合连接点的域外立法。重构“国际法无授权即禁止”说而提出的“修正的禁止”说,是指域外事项符合某一许可性立法原则且具有“真实联系”,一国才能行使域外立法管辖权。为防止域外立法管辖的过度化,应将合理性原则作为域外立法管辖的限制性原则。

It is of great significance to safeguard national interests to promote the effectiveness of a country's laws on extraterritorial matters within the permissible limits of international law.Regarding the rules of international law on extraterritorial legislative jurisdiction,the doctrine of"permit if international law does not prohibit"contradicts the principle of sovereign equality of states,violates the development trend of international human rights law and easily leads to conflicts of extraterritorial legislative jurisdiction between states.At present,the doctrine of"prohibit if international law does not permit"widely followed in the world has problems that it is difficult to adapt to the pace of development in the era of digital economy and the boundary of permissibility legislative principle is unclear,and it does not reasonably restrict the extraterritorial legislation that meets the connection point.Based on the reconstruction of the doctrine of"prohibit if international law does not permit",the"amended prohibition doctrine"is proposed.Extraterritorial matters conform to a certain permissibility legislative principle and have a"genuine connection",only a country can exercise extraterritorial legislative jurisdiction.In order to prevent the excessive of extraterritorial legislative jurisdiction,the principle of rationality should be regarded as the restrictive principle of extraterritorial legislative jurisdiction.