胎次和配种季节对二元母猪繁殖性能的影响

Effects of Parity and Mating Season on Reproductive Performance of Binary Sows

为研究胎次和配种季节对长大二元杂交母猪繁殖性能的影响,本试验选取了11333窝长大二元杂交母猪的产仔数据,包括总产仔数(Total number born,TNB)、产活仔数(Number born alive,NBA)、产弱仔数(Number of weak births,NWB)、仔猪出生窝重(Litter birth weight,LBW)、仔猪断奶数(Number of wearning,NW)、妊娠时间(Time to pregnancy,TTP)、产死胎数(Number of stillborn,NSB)等7个指标,分析了配种季节和胎次共同作用对长大二元杂交猪繁殖性能的影响。结果表明,4、5、6胎次母猪的总产仔数显著高于其他胎次(P<0.05),其中6胎次母猪的总产仔数最高;且4胎次母猪产活仔数显著高于其他胎次(P<0.05);2胎次母猪产弱仔数显著低于其他胎次(P<0.05);4胎次母猪所产仔猪的出生窝重显著高于其他胎次(P<0.05),第2胎母猪妊娠时间显著低于其他胎次(P<0.05),初产母猪妊娠时间显著高于其他胎次(P<0.05);发现母猪产死胎数随胎次增加而呈上升趋势,在7胎次及以上达到最高(P<0.05)。母猪的胎次与总产仔数、产活仔数、仔猪出生窝重、仔猪断奶数、产死胎数呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01);胎次与妊娠时间呈极显著负相关关系(P<0.01)。第4胎次母猪在秋冬季配种产仔性能最好,第2胎次母猪在夏季配种产仔性能最好,5胎次母猪在春季配种产仔性能最好,第6胎次母猪在秋季配种产仔性能最好;初产母猪在秋季配种产仔性能最好,7胎次及以上母猪在春季配种产仔性能最好。胎次和季节对母猪的产仔性能及仔猪生产性能的影响研究,可以为养猪企业合理利用母猪年限提供数据参考。

In order to study the effects of parity and mating season on the reproductive performance of Landrace×Large-White binary sows,this experiment selected the litter data of 11333 litters of Landrace×Large-White binary sows,included total number born,num-ber born alive,number of weak births,litter birth weight,number of wearning,time to pregnancy,and number of stillborn,and analyzed the effects of mating season and parity on the reproductive performance of Landrace×Large-White binary sows.The results showed that the total number born of 4th,5th,and 6th parity sows were significantly higher than that of other parities(P<0.05),and the total number born of 6th parity soews were the highest;and the born alive piglits number of 4th parity sows were significantly higher than that of other parities(P<0.05);the number of weak births piglits of 2nd parity sows were significantly lower than that of other parities(P<0.05);the litter birth weight of piglits of 4th parity sows were significantly higher than that of other parities(P<0.05),the time to pregnan-cy of 2nd parity sows were significantly lower than that of other parities(P<0.05),and the time to pregnancy of 1st parity sows were sig-nificantly higher than that of other parities(P<0.05);the number of stillborn showed an overall increasing trend with the parity,and reached the highest in 7th parity and more(P<0.05).The parity sows were significantly positively correlated with the total number born,number born alive,litter birth weight,number of wearning,and number of stillborn(P<0.01);the parity sows were significantly negatively correlated with the time to pregnancy(P<0.01).The 4th parity sows had the best reproductive performance when mated in autumn and winter,the 2nd parity sows had the best reproductive performance when mated in summer,the 5th parity sows had the best reproductive performance when mated in spring,the 6th parity sows had the best reproductive performance when mated in autumn;the 1st parity sows had the best reproductive performance when mated in autumn,more than 7th parities sows had the best reproductive perfor-mance when mated in spring.The study on effects of parity and season on the litter performance and piglets production performance of sows,could provide data reference for pig breeding enterprises to make reasonable utilization period of sows.