2010—2021年武汉市梅毒疫情特征及流行趋势

Epidemic characteristics and prevalence trends of syphilis in Wuhan in 2010-2021

目的 了解武汉市2010—2021年梅毒疫情特征及流行趋势,为制定进一步的防控措施提供参考依据。方法 收集中国疾病预防控制信息系统中2010—2021年武汉市梅毒疫情数据资料,分析疫情特征及流行趋势。结果 2010—2021年武汉市共报告梅毒确诊病例36 628例,报告发病率由29.70/10万下降为29.62/10万,年均下降0.33%(P=0.843)。其中,一期梅毒报告发病率年均下降14.37%(P<0.001),二期梅毒报告发病率年均下降18.59%(P<0.001),三期梅毒报告发病率年均下降2.02%(P=0.523),胎传梅毒报告发病率年均下降22.90%(P<0.001),隐性梅毒报告发病率年均上升9.19%(P=0.002)。男女比例由1.04∶1上升为1.36∶1(P<0.001),60岁及以上年龄段人群占比由18.44%上升为31.17%(P<0.001)。男性和女性在35~59岁年龄段梅毒报病数最多。18岁及以上年龄段男女均以隐性梅毒最为多见,且年龄越大隐性梅毒占比越大。结论 梅毒防控取得了阶段性成果,特别在母婴阻断和非隐形梅毒控制方面成果显著。未来梅毒防治工作要在继续巩固和加强现阶段成果的基础上,重点关注并应对隐性梅毒病例报告不断增长的趋势,针对60岁及以上年龄段人群开展更有针对性的干预措施,进一步遏制梅毒的蔓延。

Objective To understand the characteristics and epidemic trend of syphilis in Wuhan from 2010 to 2021,and to provide a reference for the formulation of further prevention and control measures.Methods Data on Wuhan syphilis epidemics from 2010 to 2021 was collected from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System.The epidemic characteristics and trends of syphilis were analyzed.Results From 2010 to 2021,a total of 36 628 confirmed cases of syphilis were reported in Wuhan,and the reported incidence rate decreased from 29.70/100 000 to 29.62/100 000,with an average annual decrease of 0.33%(P=0.843).Among them,the reported incidence of stage 1 syphilis decreased by 14.37% annually(P<0.001),stage 2 syphilis decreased by 18.59% annually(P<0.001),stage 3 syphilis decreased by 2.02% annually(P=0.523),and fetal syphilis decreased by 22.90% annually(P<0.001),while recessive syphilis increased by 9.19% annually(P<0.001).The ratio of male to female increased from 1.04∶1 to 1.36∶1(P<0.001).The proportion of people aged 60 and above increased from 18.44% to 31.17%(P<0.001),and the 35-59 age group had the highest number of reported cases of syphilis in both men and women.Recessive syphilis was most common in men and women aged over 18 years old,and the proportion of recessive syphilis increased with age.Conclusion The prevention and control of syphilis has achieved phased results,especially in mother-to-child interruption and non-recessive syphilis control.On the basis of continuing to consolidate and strengthen the achievements of the current stage,the future syphilis prevention and control work should focus on and respond to the increasing trend of recessive syphilis cases,and take more targeted interventions for people over 60 years old,so as to further curb the spread of syphilis.