TGR5在心血管疾病中的作用研究进展

Research progress on the role of TGR5 in cardiovascular diseases

武田G蛋白偶联受体5(TGR5)是一种位于细胞膜表面的胆汁酸受体,广泛分布于体内许多组织细胞中,能被体内绝大多数胆汁酸直接激活。TGR5在多种生理和病理生理过程中发挥着重要作用,包括细胞Ca^(2+)转运、氧化应激、细胞增殖、炎症反应和线粒体代谢等,从而维持线粒体稳态和血管内膜功能,抑制动脉粥样硬化、心肌肥大、心肌梗死后心肌重塑等心血管疾病的进展。目前,随着许多胆汁酸及胆汁酸衍生物相关药物逐步投入临床应用,有必要进一步深入研究以明确TGR5在心血管系统中的作用。本文针对TGR5与心血管系统的相关性,从TGR5参与调节巨噬细胞、血管内膜功能、血管平滑肌、心肌细胞和线粒体代谢5个方面进行阐述,总结梳理最新的研究进展,以期为TGR5作为心血管疾病治疗靶点提供理论依据。

Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5(TGR5)is a bile acid receptor located on the surface of cell membrane,widely distributed in many tissues and cells in the body,and can be directly activated by most bile acids in vivo.TGR5 plays an important role in various physiological and pathophysiological processes,including cellular Ca^(2+)transport,oxidative stress,cell proliferation,inflammatory responses,and mitochondrial metabolism,thereby maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and vascular endothelial function,and inhibiting the progression of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis,myocardial hypertrophy,and cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction.Currently,with the gradual clinical application of numerous bile acid and bile acid derivatives drugs,it is necessary to further investigate the role of TGR5 in the cardiovascular system,which is an important basis for clinical application of these new drugs.This review discusses the relationship between TGR5 and cardiovascular system from five perspectives:TGR5's involvement in regulating macrophages,endothelial function,vascular smooth muscle cells,cardiomyocytes,and mitochondrial metabolism.It summarizes the recent research progress,aiming to provide the theoretical basis for TGR5 as a novel therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases.