光动力疗法的抗肿瘤免疫效应研究进展

Research progress on the immune effects of photodynamic therapy

光动力疗法(PDT)作为一种新兴的肿瘤治疗手段,因不良反应较少、靶向性好、可重复治疗等优点,已被广泛应用于临床多种肿瘤的治疗。相较手术、化疗及放疗等传统治疗策略,PDT不仅可杀伤原位肿瘤,还可通过激活机体的免疫效应对转移瘤发挥抑制作用。然而,PDT诱导免疫效应的高低受多种因素影响,包括光敏剂在细胞内的定位和剂量、光参数、肿瘤内的氧浓度、免疫功能的完整性等。本文对PDT介导抗肿瘤免疫效应的相关机制,以及PDT免疫效应的主要影响因素进行综述,以探讨PDT用于肿瘤治疗的未来发展方向。

As a novel tumor treatment,photodynamic therapy(PDT)has been widely used in clinical treatment of a variety of tumors due to its advantages,such as fewer adverse reactions,precise targeting and repeatability of treatment.Unlike conventional treatments,such as surgery,chemotherapy and radiotherapy,PDT not only eliminates the primary tumor but also effectively inhibits metastatic tumors by activating the body's immune response.However,the PDT-activated immune response is influenced by multiple factors,including the localization and dose of photosensitizer in the cells,light parameters,oxygen concentration in the tumor,and the integrity of immune function.This review summarizes the mechanisms behind the PDT-activated anti-tumor immune response,systematically examines the key influencing factors on the immune effect of PDT,and discusses the future development direction of PDT in cancer treatment.