主流、传统、地域:谁的审美乌托邦——试论豫剧《朝阳沟》的多重内涵

Mainstream,Tradition,and Regionalism:Whose Aesthetic Utopia——On the Multiple Connotations of the Henan Opera Chaoyanggou Village

自1958年问世以来,豫剧《朝阳沟》之所以能常演不衰并形成了一个典型的文化现象,与其审美内涵的丰富性密切相关。这部豫剧审美结构的表层形态是一个弘扬“上山下乡”主旋律的故事;中层结构是对长期的农耕文明背景下乡土社会所形成的土地意识、情感思维、审美趣味等传统价值形态和审美形态的演绎;深层结构则是对河南地域民间人们热衷追求改天换地的乌托邦情结、以斗争为核心的土地情感、六亲缘薄的认理型人格以及讲究有容乃大、得理饶人的人际关系处理策略等的阐发和映现。正由于有多层内涵的支撑,才使得不同时代的观众群体都能在其中见仁见智,各取所需。

The enduring popularity and frequent performances of the Henan Opera Chaoyanggou Village since its inception in 1958 can be attributed to the richness of its aesthetic connotations.This enduring cultural phenomenon underscores the profound and multifaceted layers of artistic expression embedded within the opera’s narrative,music,and performance,thereby captivating audiences across generations.The superficial manifestation of the aesthetic framework within the Henan Opera Chaoyanggou Village is epitomized by a narrative that advocates the prevailing ethos of the“up to the mountains and down to the countryside”movement era.The intermediate framework of it involves the reinterpretation of traditional cultural and aesthetic paradigms,including land consciousness,emotive cognition,and aesthetic sensibilities,which have evolved within rural societies over the protracted backdrop of agrarian civilization.The deep framework underlying it comprises an exploration and contemplation of the utopian aspirations pervasive among the folk populace of the Henan region,driven by fervent endeavors for transformative change.This thematic underpinning further delves into the sentiment of attachment to the land,characterized by a narrative focus on resilience amidst struggle,as well as the cognitive disposition of familial ties with nuanced interconnectedness.Additionally,the opera intricately examines interpersonal dynamics,emphasizing strategies of tolerance,magnanimity,and empathy in the processing of relationships.It is precisely because of the support of multiple layers of connotations that audiences from different eras can have their own opinions and take what they need.