中国三省份小学生饮奶干预知信行评价

Evaluation on Knowledge,Attitude and Practice of Drinking Milk Intervention Program among Primary School Students in Three Provinces of China

目的:对中国三省份小学生饮奶干预项目知信行进行评价,为指导小学生科学饮奶提供参考。方法:采用随机抽样的方法,各抽取海南省、湖北省和四川省的1个城市点和1个农村点,共计6个调查点;每个调查点分别选取1所推广学生奶的学校作为干预组,1所没有推广学生奶的学校作为对照组。每日向干预组学生发放200 mL的预包装纯牛奶,同时发放纸质宣传材料和开展有针对性的健康讲座;对照组学校学生不实施任何干预。干预组和对照组的调查对象均为小学三、四、五年级学生。结果:对于营养相关知识掌握情况,干预组在干预前后“学龄儿童每天的饮奶量”“纯牛奶的作用”“酸奶不可以代替牛奶”的知晓率差值高于对照组。对于营养相关态度情况,干预组在干预前后“愿意了解奶类相关的营养知识”“愿意听从书本、老师和家长的饮食指导”“食物喜好纯牛奶”“会坚持喝奶”“食物的营养重要”的百分比差值均高于对照组。对于营养相关行为情况,干预组在干预前后“每周饮奶5天及以上”“会关注配料表和营养标签”“经常选择奶或者奶制品作为零食”“会主动向家长或者学校索要奶”“会主动向家长或老师提出营养健康问题”的百分比差值均高于对照组。结论:综合运用营养健康指南,从饮奶知识和行为等多方面入手进行宣教和干预,能够提高学生的知信行,促进科学健康的饮奶行为。

【Objective】To evaluate the knowledge,attitudes,and practices of the drinking milk program for primary school students in three provinces of China,and to provide reference for guiding scientific milk consumption among primary school students.【Method】Random sampling was used to select one urban area and one rural area from Hainan,Hubei,and Sichuan,totaling six survey sites;one school providing student milk was selected as the intervention group for each survey site,and one school that did not provide student milk was selected as the control group.200 mL of prepackaged milk was distributed to intervention group students daily,as well as paper promotional materials and targeted health lectures;No intervention was implemented for students in the control school.The subjects were third,fourth,and fifth grade elementary school students.【Result】Regarding the mastery of nutrition related knowledge,the intervention group had a higher percentage difference in"daily milk consumption of school-age children","the role of pure milk",and"yogurt cannot replace milk"compared to the control group before and after the intervention.Regarding attitudes towards nutrition,the intervention group had higher percentage differences in"willingness to understand dairy related nutrition knowledge","willingness to follow dietary guidance from books,teachers,and parents","preference for pure milk","willingness to drink milk",and"importance of food nutrition"before and after intervention compared to the control group.For nutrition related practices,the intervention group had a higher percentage difference in"drinking milk for 5 days or more per week","paying attention to ingredient lists and nutrition labels","frequently choosing milk or dairy products as snacks","actively requesting milk from parents or schools",and"actively raising nutrition and health issues from parents or teachers"before and after the intervention compared to the control group.【Conclusion】The comprehensive application of nutrition and health guidelines,starting from various aspects such as milk drinking knowledge and behavior,can improve students'knowledge,attitude,and practice,and promote scientific and healthy milk drinking behavior.