中国三省份小学生饮用奶干预前后食物摄入状况研究

Study on The Food Intake Status of Primary School Students in Three Provinces of China Before and After Milk Intervention

目的:了解并评价饮用奶干预前后小学生食物摄入状况,为改善学龄儿童营养健康状况提供科学依据。方法:采用分层随机抽样选取东、中、西各1个省份的各1个城市点和1个农村点,共6个调查点,选取小学3~5年级学生作为研究对象,将推广学生奶的学校学生作为干预组、未推广学生奶的学校学生作为对照组。基线调查后,对干预组学生进行以发放预包装纯牛奶和营养健康宣教为主的膳食干预,干预时间为1年,同时对学生家长进行营养健康宣教。结果:干预组和对照组儿童在谷类食物、坚果、蔬菜、水果、畜禽肉、零食、液态奶、乳饮料8类食物干预前后的摄入量差值有统计学差异;城市儿童干预组和对照组在坚果、蔬菜、水果、零食、乳饮料共5类食物干预前后的摄入量差值有统计学差异;农村儿童干预组和对照组在谷类、蔬菜、水果、畜禽肉、液态奶、含糖饮料共6类食物干预前后的摄入量差值有统计学差异。结论:营养教育及膳食干预可有效改善学龄儿童饮奶及膳食摄入状况。

【Objective】To obtain and evaluate the food intake status of primary school students before and after milk intervention,and to provide scientific basis for improving the nutritional and health status of school-age children.【Method】Stratified random sampling method was used to select one urban survey point and one rural survey point from one province in the east,central,and west,with a total of six survey points.Primary school students from grades three to five were selected as the research subjects,with students from school which promoted student milk as the intervention group and school students from school which did not promote student milk as the control group.After the baseline survey,the intervention group students were given a dietary intervention mainly consisting of prepackaged pure milk and nutrition and health education.The intervention period was one year,and nutrition and health education was also provided to the parents of the students.【Result】The difference between the intervention group and the control group students before and after intervention in eight types of food:grains,nuts,vegetables,fruits,livestock and poultry meat,snacks,liquid milk,and milk drinks was statistically significant.The difference between the intervention group and the control group for urban children before and after intervention in five types of food:nuts,vegetables,fruits,snacks,and milk drinks was statistically significant.The difference between the intervention group and the control group for rural children before and after intervention in grains,vegetables,fruits,livestock and poultry meat,liquid milk,sug⁃ary drinks was statistically significant.【Conclusion】Nutrition education and dietary intervention can effectively improve the milk and dietary intake of primary school students.