我国市售水果中微生物污染状况研究

Study on Microbial Contamination in Fruits Sold in China

目的:了解我国市售水果中微生物的污染状况。方法:在全国采集市售水果3492份,其中未经加工的鲜水果3062份,去皮或预切的水果430份。按照国标规定方法检测水果中大肠埃希氏菌、沙门氏菌、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌和致泻大肠埃希氏菌。结果:水果中大肠埃希氏菌的平均不满意率为2.32%(81/3492),其中去皮或预切的水果中不满意率为4.88%(21/430),高于未经加工的鲜水果的结果1.96%(60/3062),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。水果中致病菌的检出率低,单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、沙门氏菌和泻大肠埃希氏菌的检出率分别为0.40%(14/3492)、0.29%(10/3492)、0.52%(18/3492),去皮或预切的水果和未经加工的鲜水果中3种致病菌的检出率均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。各种未经加工水果中,哈密瓜微生物污染相对较严重。结论:市售水果中大肠埃希氏菌的不满意率和致病菌的检出率较低。

【Objective】To investigate the microbial contamination of fruits in China.【Method】A total of 3492 samples of fruits were collected,including 3062 unprocessed fresh fruits and 430 peeled or pre-cut fruits.Escherichia coli(E.coli),Salmonella,Listeria monocytogenes and Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in fruits were examined according to China national standard method.【Result】The aver⁃age dissatisfaction rate of E.coli in fruits was 2.32%(81/3492).The dissatisfaction rate of E.coli in peeled or pre-cut fruits was 4.88%(21/430),which was higher than that of unprocessed fresh fruits(1.96%,60/3062),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The detection rates of pathogens in fruits were low,and the detection rates of Listeria monocytogenes,Salmonella and Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli were 0.40%(14/3492),0.29%(10/3492)and 0.52%(18/3492),respectively.There was no statistical difference in the detection rate of three kinds of pathogens between peeled or pre-cut fruits and unprocessed fresh fruits(P>0.05).Among all kinds of unprocessed fruits,cantaloupe has the most serious microbial contamination.【Conclusion】The dissatisfaction rate of Escherichia coli and the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria in fruits were low.