新时代中国科学普及主要需求与供给分析

The Main Demand and Supply Analysis of Science Popularization in China in the New Era

基于科学普及利益者模型,将青少年、老年人以及农民、产业工人、领导干部和公务员等作为重点人群,归纳总结了其科普需求;将高等院校、科研机构、传媒机构、科技企业、社会团体等作为科普供给方,分析了其科普供给能力及提升目标;并基于供需视角分析了政府政策、科普投入、科普资源、科普能力、科普社会环境等方面存在的主要问题,总结出维护好科普需求方和供给方的关系是有效进行科普的关键。最后,针对问题提出推进新时代科学普及供给精准化、提高信息化水平等若干建议。

The popularization of science is an important means to improve the soft power of a country.The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD)regards the pro‐duction,dissemination and utilization of knowledge as equally important.This expands the con‐cept of knowledge dissemination,so the role and status of science popularization is increasingly important.From the perspective of the development process of science popularization,science popularization has completed the transition of the stage of"public acceptance-public understanding-public participation",and formed the improvement of the cognitive level of"knowing science-knowing science-using science".Science popularization is a mutually benefi‐cial process of both supply and demand,characterized by strong interaction,participation,and experience.From the perspective of supply side,the benign interaction between the demand side and the supply side provides a good scientific,cultural and social atmosphere for China's sci‐ence popularization.This paper puts forward a stakeholder model for science popularization.The stakeholder model of science popularization refers to the demand-side or supply-side that has interest relationship with the process of science communication in the new era.Among them,young people,farmers,industrial workers,the elderly,leading cadres and civil servants as the demand side of science popularization,need economic,political,science and technology,culture and other natural science knowledge,on the one hand to improve the level of scientific knowl‐edge in technology,nature and other fields,on the other hand to encourage the public to partici‐pate in science popularization,which is an important goal of science popularization.Institutions of higher learning,scientific research institutions,media organizations,science and technology enterprises,and social organizations are potential supply resources for science popularization,and they are committed to better popularization of natural science knowledge to the public.In the process of mutual benefit of both sides of science popularization,in order to achieve the best social benefits of science communication,maintaining the relationship between the demander and the supplier of science popularization is the key to maximize the value of science communi‐cation.It is necessary to prioritize the dependence degree of stakeholders according to the needs and objectives of each type of stakeholders.Based on the stakeholder model of science popular‐ization,this paper analyzes the supply capacity and development goals of China's science popu‐larization in the new era,and analyzes the main problems in government policies,input,re‐sources,capacity and social environment of science popularization from the perspective of sup‐ply and demand,and concludes that maintaining the relationship between the demand side and the supply side of science popularization is the key to effective science popularization.Some sug‐gestions were put forward to promote the precision of science popularization and supply in the new era and improve the level of information technology.