20世纪70年代初美国尼克松政府的东亚战略转型与韩朝关系缓和

Nixon Administrations Strategic Transformation in East Asia and the Détente on the Korean Peninsula in Early 1970s

20世纪70年代初,在冷战局势缓和的国际背景下,韩朝双方进行了首次对话。美国对此次韩朝对话持支持态度。然而,由于美韩两国对朝鲜半岛事务的战略认知不同,在对话进程中美韩同盟内部多次出现步调不一致的情况。随着朝鲜半岛冷战“本土化”趋势的加强,美国为了保证韩国安全并遏制朝鲜,最终选择维持驻韩美军数量,同时援助韩国进行军事现代化建设。相应的,韩国为自身发展谋求了更多的利益和空间。美国在韩朝对话期间的政策选择和回旋余地,与其作为超级大国的实力和地位并不成正比,而美国政策本身的矛盾性又加剧了韩朝双方的冷战竞争。华盛顿最终未能阻止韩朝关系再度恶化,半岛局势走向与美国的政策目标背道而驰。

The detente on the Korean peninsula in the early 1970s was a strategic shift made by DPRK and ROK combining with their own development demands under the international background of American East Asia strategic transformation.The United States had always been supportive of the inter-Korean dialogue,but the U.S.-ROK alliance had repeatedly been at odds with each other due to different strategic understanding of Korean affairs.In order to ensure ROKs security and contain DPRK,the United States finally chose to maintain the level of US troops in ROK,while assisting her in military modernization.Accordingly,ROK had sought more benefits and space for its own development.Because of the localization of the Cold War on the Korean Peninsula,the space of American policy and action was limited.The contradiction of the United States policy itself has intensified the cold war competition between the two sides.Finally,Americas policy of intervention can not change the direction of the deteriorating situation on the Korean peninsula.