论拜占庭莫里斯时代的军队结构改革

On the Military Structure Reform during the Byzantine Maurice Era

莫里斯统治时期,拜占庭帝国面临着“查士丁尼瘟疫”与连年战争所带来的人口短缺和财政空虚等问题,同时阿瓦尔人和斯拉夫人对巴尔干半岛构成的威胁持续增强。严峻的形势促使莫里斯锐意改革以应对危机,并探索转型之路。莫里斯军事改革的核心为变革军队结构,将传统的罗马军团结构调整为“营—团—师”结构,以“营”作为基础战术单位。这一举措缓解了人口与财政危机,使军队战斗力得以提升,在拜占庭帝国东部和巴尔干战线均取得明显的效果。改革同时也为此后帝国新的军事战略和战术的实施做了铺垫,为拜占庭帝国的转型提供了良好的基础。

Maurice faced population shortages and financial emptiness caused by the“Justinian Plague”and years of war,and the threat posed by the Avars and Slavs to the Balkan Peninsula continued to increase.Therefore,Maurice was determined to reform in order to cope with the crisis and explore the path of transformation.The core of Maurices military reform was to transform the military structure,adjusting the traditional Roman legion structure to a“bandon-chilias-moria”structure,and establishing the“bandon”as the basic tactical unit.This measure alleviated the population and financial crisis,improved the militarys combat effectiveness,and achieved significant results in the eastern and Balkan fronts.The reform also laid the foundation for the implementation of the imperial military strategy and tactics in the future,providing a good foundation for the transformation of the Byzantine Empire.