啮齿动物青光眼模型研究进展

Advances in research on rodent models of glaucoma

青光眼是一组以视网膜神经节细胞及其轴突进行性丢失为特征的视神经病变,已成为全球不可逆性致盲的常见原因,但其病理生理机制仍不清楚。因此,合理的青光眼动物模型对揭示青光眼发病机制和改善治疗方案十分重要。近年来,啮齿动物由于具有众多优点而逐渐成为青光眼模型制作的主流选择,除转基因小鼠可自发诱导青光眼外,青光眼实验模型主要分为眼压依赖性和非眼压依赖性。眼压依赖性青光眼模型通过各种手段阻碍房水流出,从而诱导眼压升高;非眼压依赖性青光眼模型试图评估正常眼压性青光眼的相关发病机制。本文就啮齿动物各种青光眼模型的不同损伤机制、操作方法、优点和局限性进行综述。

Glaucoma is a group of optic neuropathies characterized by the progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells and their axons,and has become a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide.However,the pathophysiological mechanisms of glaucoma remain poorly understood.Consequently,suitable animal models of glaucoma are crucial for elucidating the disease's pathogenesis and improving therapeutic strategies.In recent years,rodents have increasingly become the preferred choice for glaucoma modeling due to their numerous advantages.With the exception of transgenic mice,which can spontaneously induce glaucoma,experimental glaucoma models are mainly divided into intraocular pressure-dependent and non-intraocular pressure-dependent models.The intraocular pressure-dependent glaucoma model induces intraocular pressure elevation by obstructing aqueous humor outflow in various ways.The non-intraocular pressure-dependent glaucoma model attempts to study the pathogenesis associated with normal intraocular pressure glaucoma.This article comprehensively reviews the damage mechanisms,operation methods,advantages,and limitations of various rodent models of glaucoma.