小梁网生物力学性能在青光眼发病机制中的研究进展

Research progress on the biomechanical properties of trabecular network in the pathogenesis of glaucoma

小梁网作为房水外流通路的首个阻力部位,对眼压调控有重要影响。小梁网生物力学性能改变可能会影响滤过系统房水的排出,对原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)发病有重要意义。眼压与小梁网生物力学性能改变可能有相关性,但目前研究表明,小梁网生物力学性能主要由遗传与基因突变、年龄、细胞外基质和细胞骨架成分、溶血磷脂酸、地塞米松、Rho相关蛋白激酶抑制剂等因素影响。此外,其他眼内疾病也可能会对小梁网生物力学性能产生影响。在机械牵拉下,小梁网产生的应变可能暗示了高眼压状态下房水外流的分子机制、流出通路的调节机制及POAG的发病机制。小梁网生物力学性能研究将为青光眼早期诊断、治疗提供更有力的理论依据和实验基础。本文就小梁网生物力学测量方法、影响因素以及传感通路对小梁网细胞生物力学性能影响的研究现状进行综述,以期对POAG的病因、发病机制及治疗做进一步阐述。

Trabecular network,as the first resistance site of the aqueous humor outflow pathway,plays an important role in the regulation of intraocular pressure.Alteration of the biomechanical properties of trabecular meshwork may affect the aqueous humor outflow of filtration system and is of great importance in the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma(POAG).There may be a correlation between intraocular pressure and mechanical properties of trabecular meshwork,but the current research shows that the mechanical properties of trabecular meshwork are mainly affected by genetic and gene mutation,age,extracellular matrix and cytoskeleton components,lysophosphatidic acid,low dexamethasone,Rho-related protein kinase inhibitors and other factors.In addition,other intraocular diseases may affect the mechanical properties of trabecular meshwork.Under mechanical traction,the strain produced by trabecular meshwork may indicate the molecular mechanism of aqueous outflow,the regulation mechanism of outflow pathway and the pathogenesis of POAG under high intraocular pressure.The biomechanical properties of trabecular meshwork will provide a more powerful theoretical and experimental basis for the early diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma.This paper reviews the status of research on trabecular meshwork biomechanical measurement methods,influencing factors and sensing pathways of trabecular meshwork cell,in order to further elaborate the etiology,pathogenesis and treatment of POAG.