生态环境替代性修复责任的适用困境与规范路径

The Application Dilemma and Normative Path of Alternative Restoration Liability of Ecological Environment

作为直接修复无法实现情形下的一种补充性责任承担方式,替代性修复责任以贯彻“修复性司法理念”、救济受损害生态环境的服务功能为目的。近年来,虽然判决承担替代性修复责任的案件数量逐渐增加,但是囿于理论上与恢复原状混同、生态环境修复责任体系化构建缺乏等原因,使得替代性修复责任在实践中存在适用泛化、与金钱赔偿的适用顺位不明、修复方案的内容精细度不足等困境。规范替代性修复责任的适用路径,要从适用基础、选择标准和技术方法三个方面合理限定替代性修复责任的适用边界;从内部视角与外部视角理顺替代性修复责任与金钱赔偿的适用顺位;从技术性与法律性角度凸显替代性修复方案的内容。

As a supplementary liability bearing method in the case that direct restoration cannot be realized,alternative restoration liability aims at implementing the"restorative judicial concept"and relieving the service function of the damaged ecological environment.In recent years,although the number of cases of adjudicating alternative restoration liability has gradually increased,due to the confusion between theory and restoration,the lack of systematic structure of ecological environment restoration liability and other reasons,there are dilemmas in the application of alternative restoration liability in practice,such as the generalization of application,the unclear application sequence of monetary compensation,and the insufficient precision of restoration plan.In order to standardize the applicable path of alternative restoration liability,the applicable boundary of alternative restoration liability should be reasonably defined from three factors:application basis,selection criteria and technical methods,the application sequence of alternative restoration liability and monetary compensation should be sorted out from internal and external perspectives,and the content of alternative restoration scheme should be highlighted from technical and legal perspectives.