胁从犯:重重矛盾下的概念

Accomplice Under Duress: Concepts Under Heavy Contradictions

胁从犯具备“被胁迫”与“所起作用较小”双重认定要素,此双重认定要素在刑事政策根据、可罚性基础、分类基础层面分别面临政策性立法根基不牢、客观归罪特性凸显、胁从犯与从犯认定交叠等疑问,就这一概念的存废出现了通说、量刑情节说、特殊从犯说三种不同学说。事实上,胁从犯是卡在传统共同犯罪论与新共犯论中的概念,在本体论上由于不具有兼容性难以被传统共同犯罪论或新共犯论所接纳,在外延上也仅仅只是作为实定法规定,具备象征意义而存在,因而胁从犯应当被废除。

The accomplice under duress has dual identification elements of“being coerced”and“having a relatively small effect”.However,due to the dual identification elements facing issues such as weak policy legislative foundation,prominent objective attribution characteristics,and overlapping identification of coerced accomplices and accomplices at the levels of criminal policy basis,punishability basis,and classification basis,three different theories emerged as a result regarding the retention or abolition of this concept:the general theory,the sentencing circumstances theory,and the special accomplice theory.In fact,the concept of accomplice under duress is stuck between the traditional theory of joint crime and the new theory of joint crime.It is not accepted due to its tendency to deviate from the traditional theory of joint crime in terms of attributes,and because it overlaps with the principal accomplice system in the new theory of joint crime in a certain sense.Its specific nature,which belongs to the provisions of substantive law,cannot become the legislative support that the new accomplice theory system lacks and attaches the most importance to.Thus,the existence of accomplice under duress is questionable in terms of ontological existence,and in terms of extension,they may only have symbolic significance through“existence”.Therefore,accomplice under duress should be abolished.