“惊”的词义演变及其成因分析

On Semantic Changes of jing (惊) and its Motivations

惊讶是人类基本情绪的触发阶段,是情绪研究中不可或缺的话题,但“惊”词义的演变尚无专门论述。本文通过对自建语料库和CCL语料库中“惊”的用法考察,发现“惊”在概念意义、情感意义和搭配意义上发生了变化:惊讶主体的生命度逐渐降低,与“惊”组成的情绪由消极拓展到中性,“惊”从表达具体行为扩展到表达具有修辞效果的抽象行为。词义演变引发的语法后果是“惊”的功能扩大,主语变得更加丰富,其后的结果补语形式更加多样。这些演变是“惊”在产生过程中对语言使用和理解的推动,更是人类对自身情绪认识不断深化和表达方式不断丰富的体现。

rhetorical effects.Consequently,this semantic change has resulted in an expanded semantic scope for“surprise”,enriching the semantic characteristics of its subjects and diversifying the forms of subsequent complements.These changes not only reflect the need for linguistic refinement but also cater to the subjective quantification of emotions and attitudes by language users,thus exemplifying the continuous deepening of human understanding of their own emotions and the ever-expanding richness of expressive means.