区块链技术在自然资源领域应用研究综述

A review of research on the application of blockchain technology in natural resources field

随着区块链3.0时代到来,区块链技术逐步应用于自然资源领域,解决当下自然资源领域中的信息流通困难、资源利用不合理、资源过度开采、环境污染等问题。本研究对区块链在自然资源领域应用研究进行梳理,从区块链技术特点入手,对区块链技术在天然生物资源、能源矿产、水资源、土地资源中的研究现状进行了总结。研究表明,具有防篡改、可溯源、去中心化特性的区块链技术在林业矿业供应链管理、点对点的水权交易与能源交易、自然资源信息共享方面具有巨大的应用潜力,已有相对成熟的自然资源领域某些场景应用。本文从自然资源资产管理、国土空间规划、生态保护等方面展望了区块链技术服务自然资源部“两统一”职责的建设和发展思路。

The arrival of the blockchain 3.0 era allows blockchain technology to be gradually applied in the field of natural resources,which can well solve the problems of difficult information circulation,unreasonable use of resources,over exploitation of resources,and environmental pollution in the field of natural resources.This study compares the research on the application of blockchain in the field of natural resources,introduces the characteristics of blockchain technology,and summarizes the current research status of blockchain technology in natural biological resources,energy resources,water resources and land resources.The research results show that the tamper-proof,traceable and distributed characteristics of blockchain have great application potential in forestry and mining supply chain management,peer-to-peer water rights trading,energy trading and natural resources information sharing,and blockchain technology has already been applied in some scenarios in the natural resources sector.Finally,the construction and development ideas of blockchain assistance in fulfilling the"two unifications"of Ministry of Natural Resources are envisioned from several aspects such as natural resources asset management,territorial spatial planning,and ecological protection.