论“三权分置”下耕地碳汇的权利归属

On the Ownership of Farmland Carbon Sink Rights underthe “Three Rights Separation”

耕地碳汇作为一种生态资源权益类产品,赋有固碳减排增汇的重要功能,对于双碳目标的实现意义重大。耕地碳汇是具有公共物品属性的私人物品,其虽然依托于耕地,但与耕地一样具有独立的权利客体。耕地碳汇具有准物权特征,构成一种新型财产权。在“三权分置”的制度背景下,耕地碳汇财产权归属缺乏可操作性标准和利益边界识别规则,需要构建以土地所有权、耕地规模性管理、耕地碳汇财产利益及耕地保护性耕作为要素的判断标准,厘定以农村集体经济组织为耕地碳汇财产权的权利主体、以土地承包经营权人和土地经营权人为耕地碳汇财产权的利益分配主体。

As an ecological resource rights product,farmland carbon sink plays an important role in carbon sequestration,emission reduction,and sink enhancement,which is of great significance for achieving the dual carbon goals.Farmland carbon sink is a private property with public property attributes,which,although relying on farmland,has an independent right object like farmland.The farmland carbon sink has the characteristic of quasi property rights and constitutes a new type of property right.In the context of the “separation of three rights” system,there is a lack of operational standards and rules for identifying the boundaries of interests for the ownership of carbon sink property rights in farmland.It is necessary to construct judgment standards based on factors such as farmland ownership,scale management of farmland,carbon sink property interests in farmland,and protective cultivation of farmland.It is determined that rural collective economic organizations are the rights holders of carbon sink property rights for farmland,and land contracting and management rights holders and land management rights subjects are the interests distribution subjects of carbon sink property rights for farmland.