自发自生秩序的经济刑法法益定位及其保护

The Orientation and Protection of Legal Interests in Economic CriminalLaw of Spontaneous Order

我国刑法理论一般将经济秩序作为经济刑法的法益。但以秩序为法益,在经济犯罪的违法性本质和法益适格性上均面临着严重疑问。全盘否认秩序的法益地位,坚持法益还原论,却又无法解释我国刑法中客观存在着的,大量保护秩序、制度的经济犯罪如证券犯罪、假币犯罪等。为破解上述矛盾与难题,可尝试引入哈耶克的秩序二元理论,将经济秩序理解为“人之行动结果”的自发自生秩序,赋予其先于刑法的前实证性。从形式、价值和存在三个面向将自发自生秩序转化为适格的法益。通过确立外部秩序对自发自生秩序的辅助地位,以制度信赖为核心构建具体的刑法保护方式,实现对经济秩序法益的有效保护。

China’s criminal law theory generally regards economic order as the legal interest of economic criminal law.However,regarding order as the legal interest,there are serious doubts about the illegality and suitability of legal interests in economic crimes.If we deny the status of legal interest of order completely and insist on the theory of legal interest reduction,we cannot explain a large number of economic crimes that objectively exist in our criminal law to protect order and system,such as securities crimes and counterfeit currency crimes.In order to solve the above contradictions and problems,we can try to introduce Hayek’s binary theory of order,understand the economic order as the spontaneous order of “the result of human actions”,and give it the pre-empirical character before the criminal law.The spontaneous order is transformed into appropriate legal interests from three aspects:form,value,and existence.By establishing the auxiliary status of external order to the spontaneous order,the concrete protection mode of criminal law is constructed with the system trust as the core,so as to realize the effective protection of the legal interest of economic order.