高中生完成分项式英语完形填空所需知识的研究

A Study on the Knowledge Required for Separated Item Cloze Test by Senior High School Students

完形填空是外语教育中的常见测试任务,一直备受一线教师和语言测试研究者的关注。但鲜有研究从学生的心理认知过程探究高中生完成分项式完形填空所需的知识类型。鉴于此,本研究采用内省法、有声思维法、深度访谈和问卷调查的方法探究高中生在完成英语完形填空任务中所需的知识类型。数据分析发现,高中学生在完成该任务时会调动词汇和语法等语言知识、英语和汉语语篇知识、生活知识和背景知识等多方面知识,语篇知识运用表现出较为显著的个体差异,并且受到英语水平的制约。本研究发现对高中英语教学、语言学习和英语测试有重要启示。

As a widely-used testing task in foreign language education,the cloze test has always been extensively researched by language testing researchers.However,few studies have explored the types of knowledge that senior high school students need to solve problems in completing the separated item cloze task from the perspective of students’psychological cognitive processes.Therefore,this study adopted the methods of introspection,thinking aloud,in-depth interviews and questionnaires to explore this issue.Data analysis has found that high school students mobilize language knowledge such as vocabulary and grammar,English and Chinese discourse knowledge,life knowledge,and background knowledge in completing the separated item cloze task.The use of discourse knowledge shows significant individual differences and is restricted by students’English language proficiency.The findings of this study have important implications for senior high school English teaching,language learning and language testing.