肺结核合并皮疽诺卡菌感染临床分析

Clinical analysis of pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with Nocardia farcinica

目的分析肺结核患者合并皮疽诺卡菌感染病例的临床特点,提高对该病的诊治水平。方法回顾性分析广州市胸科医院2020年6月至2023年12月收治的22例肺结核合并皮疽诺卡菌感染病例的临床资料,回顾性分析其临床表现、影像学、实验室检查、治疗经过及疾病转归。结果22例患者中男13例,女9例,年龄20~86岁,中位年龄52岁。常见临床表现为咳嗽(22/22),咯痰(21/22),13例合并基础疾病。脑脊液培养阳性1例,痰培养阳性21例,培养时间5~26 d,中位培养周期为18 d。影像表现以斑块、斑片、空洞为主,病灶以双肺播散(17/22)、空洞(11/22)多见。抗结核治疗后部分患者肺部病灶吸收不良,经抗诺卡菌治疗后病灶有吸收好转。治愈8例,好转中13例,病死1例。结论肺结核合并皮疽诺卡菌感染患者临床症状不典型,诺卡菌培养时间较长,影像学表现与肺结核相似,易误诊及漏诊,对于抗结核治疗效果欠佳、病灶吸收慢患者需警惕合并诺卡菌病可能。

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis patients compli⁃cated with infection of Nocardia farcinica aiming to improve the diagnosis and treatment the disease.Methods The clinical data of 22 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with Nocardia farcinica infection admitted to Guang⁃zhou Chest Hospital from June 2020 to December 2023 were collected and the clinical manifestations,imaging,laboratory tests,treatment process,and disease outcomes were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among the 22 patients,there were 13 males and 9 females,aged 20~86 years,with a median age of 52 years.Common clinical manifestations included cough(22/22),sputum(21/22),and underlying diseases(13/22).One case was positive for cerebrospinal fluid culture,and 21 cases were positive for sputum culture.The culture period was 5~26 days,with a median culture period of 18 days.The imaging manifestations were mainly plaques,plaques and cavities,and the lesions were spread in both lungs(17/22)and cavities(11/22).After anti⁃tuberculosis treatment,the absorption of lung lesions in some patients was poor,and the absorption of the lesions was improved after anti⁃nocardia treat⁃ment.8 cases were cured,13 cases were improved and 1 case died.Conclusion The clinical symptoms of pa⁃tients with pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with Nocardia farcinica were atypical,the culture period of Nocardia was long,and the imaging manifestations were similar to pulmonary tuberculosis,which is prone to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.For patients with poor response to anti⁃tuberculosis treatment and slow lesion absorption,the possi⁃bility of a concurrent Nocardia infection should be considered.