督灸联合六字诀呼吸操对老年支气管哮喘患者哮喘控制、肺功能及生命质量的影响

Effects of Du moxibustion combined with six-character breathing exercises on asthma control,lung function,and quality of life in elderly patients with bronchial asthma

目的探讨督灸联合六字诀呼吸操对老年支气管哮喘患者哮喘控制、肺功能及生命质量的影响。方法前瞻性选取2022年1月至2023年6月河南省中西医结合医院收治的200例老年支气管哮喘患者作为研究对象,按随机数表法分为呼吸操组和督灸联合组各100例。两组患者均进行对症支持治疗。呼吸操组患者在常规护理的基础上进行六字诀呼吸操锻炼,督灸联合组在常规护理的基础上进行督灸联合六字诀呼吸操锻炼。干预3个月后比较两组患者的用药依从性、哮喘控制率以及干预前后的心理状态[焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)]、肺功能指标、生命质量[哮喘生命质量问卷(AQLQ)]。结果干预后,督灸联合组患者用药依从性高的占比为89.00%,明显高于呼吸操组的70.00%,哮喘总控制率为88.00%,明显高于呼吸操组的76.00%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后,督灸联合组患者的SAS、SDS评分分别为(42.40±4.11)分、(43.61±4.03)分,明显低于呼吸操组的(46.23±3.76)分、(45.91±3.86)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后,督灸联合组患者的FEV_(1)%、FEV_(1)/FVC分别为(73.31±6.65)%、(72.86±6.43)%,明显高于呼吸操组的(69.55±6.03)%、(68.42±6.17)%,PEF变异率为(18.30±1.13)%,明显低于呼吸操组的(20.44±2.65)%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后,督灸联合组患者的活动受限、哮喘症状、对刺激源反应、心理情绪评分、自我健康的关系分别为(47.60±5.51)分、(36.42±4.57)分、(25.78±3.95)分、(22.24±3.34)分、(18.34±2.23)分,明显高于呼吸操组的(43.34±4.78)分、(30.34±4.63)分、(23.23±3.14)分、(17.17±2.65)分、(15.69±1.75)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论督灸联合六字诀呼吸操可减轻老年支气管哮喘患者的焦虑、抑郁程度,提高用药依从性及哮喘控制率,改善肺功能,进而提升老年患者的生命质量。

Objective To investigate the effects of Du moxibustion combined with six-character breathing exercises on asthma control,lung function,and quality of life in elderly patients with bronchial asthma.Methods A total of 200 elderly patients with bronchial asthma in Henan Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital from January 2022 to June 2023 were prospectively selected as research objects.They were divided into respiratory exercise group and combined treatment group by random number table method,with 100 patients in each group.Patients in both groups received symptomatic supportive treatment.The patients in the breathing exercise group performed the six-character breathing exercise on the basis of routine nursing,and the patients in the combined treatment group received the Du moxibustion combined with six-character breathing exercise on the basis of routine nursing.After 3 months of intervention,medication compliance,asthma control rate,mental state[Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS)],pulmonary function indicators,quality of life[asthma quality of life questionnaire(AQLQ)]before and after intervention were compared between the two groups.Results After intervention,the proportion of patients with high medication compliance combined treatment group was 89.00%,which was significantly higher than 70.00%in the respiratory exercise group,and the total control rate of asthma was 88.00%,significantly higher than 76.00%in the respiratory exercise group(P<0.05).After intervention,the scores of SAS and SDS in the combined treatment group were(42.40±4.11)points and(43.61±4.03)points,respectively,which were significantly lower than(46.23±3.76)points and(45.91±3.86)points in the respiratory exercise group(P<0.05).After intervention,the FEV_(1)%and FEV_(1)/FVC in the combined treatment group were(73.31±6.65)%and(72.86±6.43)%,respectively,which were significantly higher than(69.55±6.03)%and(68.42±6.17)%in the respiratory exercise group,and the variation rate of PEF was(18.30±1.13)%,significantly lower than(20.44±2.65)%in the respiratory exercise group(P<0.05).After intervention,the scores of activity limitation,asthma symptoms,response to stimuli,psychological emotion,self-healthy relationships in the combined treatment group were(47.60±5.51)points,(36.42±4.57)points,(25.78±3.95)points,(22.24±3.34)points,and(18.34±2.23)points,respectively,which were significantly higher than(43.34±4.78)points,(30.34±4.63)points,(23.23±3.14)points,(17.17±2.65)points,and(15.69±1.75)points in the respiratory exercise group(P<0.05).Conclusion Du moxibustion combined with six-character breathing exercises can reduce anxiety and depression,improve medication compliance and asthma control rate,improve lung function,and thus improve the quality of life of elderly patients.