“双减”政策背景下中小学教师弹性工作制的落地困境及其化解——B市六所学校的案例研究

Dilemmas and Paths of Teachers′ Flexible Working Arrangements against the Backdrop of "Double Reduction" Policy——A Case Study of Six Schools in City B

采用访谈法和观察法对B市六所中小学校的42名校长和教师进行了案例研究,重点探讨教师弹性工作制难以落地的原因。结果发现:有关中小学教师弹性工作制的政策仍处于摸索阶段,政策细化程度和监管激励不够;部分学校的现行发展定位导致学校对教师弹性工作制的需求不同;学校资源条件的有限让弹性工作制难以有效实行;教师因职责和所教科目的不同等导致弹性工作制充满复杂性。因此,政府应完善教师弹性工作制的顶层设计,制定更为明晰可行的政策;中小学校要建立调研和反馈机制,构建弹性工作制度体系;引入第三方资源参与课后服务工作以减轻教师负担,给教师创造更大弹性空间;落实课后服务补贴,给予班主任等较难实现弹性工作的教师相应的经济补偿,化解中小学教师弹性工作制的落地困境。

A case study was conducted on 42 principals and teachers from six primary and secondary schools in city B,using the methods of interview and observation,with a focus on exploring the reasons behind the difficulty for the implementation of teachers′ flexible working arrangements.The results shows that the policy on flexible working arrangements for primary and secondary school teachers is still in the exploratory stage,with insufficient policy refinement and regulatory incentives;current development of some schools and their positioning lead to different demands for teachers′ flexible working arrangements;limited availability of school resources makes it difficult to effectively implement flexible working arrangements;and due to differences in responsibilities and teaching subjects,flexible working arrangements for teachers are full of complexity.Therefore,the government should improve the top-level design of the flexible working arrangements for teachers and formulate clearer and more feasible policies.Meanwhile,primary and secondary schools should establish an investigation and feedback mechanism to build a system for flexible working arrangements;introduce third-party resources to participate in after-school services to reduce the burden on teachers and create greater flexibility for teachers;provide after-school service subsidies and offer economic compensation to teachers such as homeroom teachers for their unavailability to enjoy the policy,so as to resolve the difficulties in implementing the flexible working arrangements for primary and secondary school teachers.