美国推动人工智能产业发展策略及其对中国人工智能生态构建的启示

Strategies for the Development of Artificial Intelligence Industry in the United States and Their Enlightenment for Building China's Artificial Intelligence Ecosystem

深度剖析美国在人工智能领域的发展轨迹和有效策略,对中国构建人工智能生态系统具有重要的指导意义。从机构设置、政策制定以及实践操作3个维度,采取政策解读与案例分析相结合的方法,全面审视美国联邦政府如何策划和促进人工智能的发展。对参与推动美国人工智能发展的美国联邦政府机构,根据其具体作用分为决策层、推进层和执行层:决策层包括总统科技顾问委员会、科技政策办公室和国家科学技术委员会,在美国人工智能战略布局中起到提出政策建议、决定政策方向和制定相关计划的科技决策作用;推进层主要包括美国国家科学基金会和联邦政府各职能机构,如能源部、商务部和国防部等,负责落实决策层的政策,启动一批推进项目;执行层则主要涉及美国国家实验室、顶尖高校实验室和优秀的科技企业。此外,美国通过持续更新国家人工智能研发规划以及实施“人工智能桥梁”等计划,推动人工智能的实践应用。结合中国人工智能发展的具体状况,从建立专业人工智能机构、打造人工智能研究中心、构建全方位多元化的人工智能人才培育体系等方面提出加速中国人工智能进展、夺取科技创新先机的策略建议。

A detailed analysis of the United States'development trajectory and effective strategies in the field of artificial intelligence(AI)provides significant guidance for China in building its AI ecosystem.This paper adopts a methodology combining policy interpretation and case analysis across three dimensions:institutional setup,policy formulation,and practical implementation,to comprehensively examine how the U.S.federal government plans and facilitates AI development.The U.S.federal government agencies involved in AI are categorized into three levels according to their functions:decision-making,promotion and execution.The decision-making level includes the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology,the Office of Science and Technology Policy,and the National Science and Technology Council.These agencies play crucial roles in proposing policy recommendations,determining policy directions,and formulating relevant plans within the U.S.AI strategic framework.The promotion level mainly consists of entities like the National Science Foundation and various federal departments such as the Department of Energy,the Department of Commerce,and the Department of Defense,which are responsible for implementing the decisions,and initiating numerous projects to advance AI.The execution layer primarily involves U.S.national laboratories,top university labs,and leading technology companies.Moreover,the U.S.continuously updates its National AI R&D Strategic Plan and implements initiatives such as the"AI Bridges"program to promote practical applications of AI.Considering the specific development of AI in China,it proposes that China should push forward the development of AI and secure a technological innovation advantage through establishing specialized AI institutions,creating AI research centers and building a comprehensive and diversified AI talent development system.