异种有色金属电磁脉冲焊接研究现状及发展趋势

Research Status and Development Trend of Electromagnetic Pulse Welding of Dissimilar Non-ferrous Metals

电磁脉冲焊接技术由电磁脉冲成形技术演化而来,通过电磁力驱动被焊接金属发生高速碰撞,实现碰撞界面的冶金结合进而获得焊接接头,作为一种固相连接技术,尤其适用于性能差异显著的异种材料焊接。随着国内外研究者对电磁脉冲焊接技术的深入研究,发现该技术在铝与镁、铝与铜、铝与钛、铝与镍钛等异种有色金属焊接领域的应用前景日益广阔。然而,目前缺乏对异种有色金属电磁脉冲焊接研究现状及发展趋势的综述研究,未能明确该技术在异种有色金属焊接中存在的问题和发展方向。因此,本文详细探讨了异种有色金属电磁脉冲焊接接头的微观结构特征、元素分布规律及显微组织特性,并阐述了接头形成机理,主要包括碰撞界面结合模型和缺陷形成机制。研究发现,不同异种有色金属组合的焊接界面结构明显不同,电磁脉冲焊接接头的力学性能优化需要通过进一步揭示焊接界面结构的形成机制来实现,电磁脉冲焊接技术难以对电学性能差、厚度大以及强度高的材料进行高质量焊接,需要加强相关辅助焊接技术、辅助装备的研究开发。最后对电磁脉冲焊接技术在异种有色金属的焊接过程中存在的问题及未来发展方向进行了展望,提出了未来该技术的研究发展方向,为电磁脉冲焊接技术的相关研究奠定了基础。

Electromagnetic pulse welding technology has evolved from electromagnetic pulse forming technology.It uses electromagnetic force to drive the metal to be welded in high-speed collision,achieving metallurgical bonding at the collision interface to obtain a welding joint.As a solid-phase joining technique,it is particularly suitable for welding dissimilar materials with significant performance differences.With in-depth research by researchers in China and abroad on electromagnetic pulse welding technology,it has been found that the application prospects of this technology in the field of welding between aluminum and magnesium,aluminum and copper,aluminum and titanium,and aluminum and nickel-titanium and other dissimilar non-ferrous metals are increasingly broad.However,there is currently a lack of a comprehensive review of the research status and development trends of electromagnetic pulse welding in dissimilar non-ferrous metal welding,not clarifying the problems and development directions of this technology in dissimilar non-ferrous metal welding.Therefore,the work aims to thoroughly explore the microstructural characteristics,element distribution patterns,and micro-structural properties of the electromagnetic pulse welded joints of dissimilar non-ferrous metals,and elaborate on the formation mechanism of the joint,mainly including the collision interface bonding model and defect formation mechanism.According to the research findings,the electromagnetic pulse welding technology has significantly different experimental results for the welding interface structure of different dissimilar non-ferrous metals.The optimization of mechanical properties of the electromagnetic pulse welded joints requires further revelation of the formation mechanism of the welding interface structure.There are significant technical challenges in the adaptability of electromagnetic pulse welding technology to materials with poor electrical properties,large thickness,and high strength,which necessitates the strengthening of research and development of auxiliary technologies and equipment.It is concluded with a prospect of the problems and future development of electromagnetic pulse welding technology in the welding process of dissimilar non-ferrous metals,proposing future research directions for this technology and laying a foundation for researchers in the field of electromagnetic pulse welding technology.