基于时机理论的戒烟干预及家庭护理联合负荷呼吸训练对老年稳定性COPD的应用研究

The application of smoking cessation intervention based on timing theory and home nursing combined with load breathing training to elderly stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

目的:探讨基于时机理论的戒烟干预及家庭护理联合负荷呼吸训练对老年稳定性慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的应用价值。方法:选取2021年5月-2023年1月接收的老年稳定性COPD患者80例,按随机数字表法分为对照组(40例)和观察组(40例)。对照组进行常规护理及呼吸训练,观察组进行基于时机理论的戒烟干预及家庭护理联合负荷呼吸训练,随访6个月。于出院后1个月、6个月,比较两组戒烟率;于干预前后,比较两组尼古丁依赖程度[法氏烟草依赖评估表(FTND)评分]、肺功能[用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)]、运动耐力[6 min步行距离(6 MWT)]及生活质量[健康调查简表(SF-36)评分]。结果:出院1个月、6个月时,观察组戒烟率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后,两组FTND评分均低于干预前,且观察组低于对照组;两组FEV1,FVC,6 MWT值及SF-36评分均高于干预前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:基于时机理论的戒烟干预及家庭护理联合负荷呼吸训练能够提高老年COPD患者戒烟率,减轻尼古丁依赖程度,改善肺功能和运动耐力,进而提高生活质量。

Objective:To explore the application value of smoking cessation intervention based on timing theory and home nursing combined with load breathing training on stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)in the elderly.Methods:All 80 elderly patients with stable COPD admitted to hospital from May 2021 to January 2023 were selected and divided into control group(n=40)and observation group(n=40)based on the principle of random number table method.The control group received routine nursing and breathing training,and the observation group received smoking cessation intervention and home nursing combined load breathing training based on timing theory.Follow-up for 6 months.At 1 month and 6 months after discharge,the smoking cessation rate of the two groups was compared.Nicotine dependence(FTND),lung function[forced vital capacity(FVC),forced expiratory volume in the first second(FEV1)],exercise endurance[6 min walking distance(6 MWT)]and quality of life(SF-36)were compared between the two groups before and after the intervention.Results:At 1 month and 6 months after discharge,the smoking cessation rate of observation group was higher than that of control group,with statistical difference(P<0.05).After intervention,FTND scores of both groups decreased,and the observation group was lower than the control group.FEV1,FVC,6MWT and SF-36 scores in both groups were increased,and the observation group was higher than the control group,with statistical difference(P<0.05).Conclusion:Smoking cessation intervention based on timing theory and home nursing combined with load breathing training can improve the smoking cessation rate,reduce the degree of nicotine dependence,improve lung function,exercise endurance,and improve the quality of life of elderly COPD patients.