社区居家严重精神障碍患者家属的社会支持现状调查

Investigation on Social Support Status of Family Members of Patients with Severe Mental Disorders at Home in A Community

目的探讨社区居家严重精神障碍患者家属的社会支持水平状况及影响因素,为居家严重精神障碍患者的社区管理提供依据。方法将纳入“上海市精神卫生信息管理系统”的444例白鹤镇在管居家严重精神障碍患者的家属作为研究对象,进行问卷调查。结果白鹤镇在管严重精神障碍患者家属的社会支持水平为(33.52±9.32)分,低于国内常模(t=-11.89,P<0.05)。不同年龄、受教育程度、婚姻状况、职业、与患者同住状况的家属社会支持得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);患者的年龄、就业状态、精神疾病种类、精神症状稳定程度、患病年限不同,其家属的社会支持得分也有显著性差异(P<0.05);与患者关系、家庭获补助数量不同家属的社会支持得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论严重精神障碍患者家属的社会支持水平较低,其中年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、职业和是否与患者同住是患者家属社会支持的影响因素。加强对患者家属的健康教育、争取社会救助、提升患者家属的个人技能等,有利于提高患者家属的社会支持水平,有助于严重精神障碍患者的管理和康复。

Objective To explore the social support level of family members of patients with severe mental disorders and its influencing factors,and to provide a basis for the management of patients with severe mental disorders in community.Methods A total of 444 family members of patients in management in Baihe Town who were included in Shanghai Mental Health Information Management System were investigated with a self-designed questionnaire.Results The social support level of family members of patients with severe mental disorders in Baihe Town was(33.52±9.32)points,lower than the domestic norm(t=-11.89,P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in social support scores among family members of different ages,educational levels,marital status,occupation,and living conditions with patients(P<0.05);there were significant differences in the social support scores of family members among patients with different age,employment status,types of mental illness,stability of mental symptoms,and years of illness(P<0.05);there were a statistically significant differences(P<0.05)in the social support scores of family members with different patient relationships and the number of subsidies received by their families.Conclusion The social support level of family members of patients with severe mental disorders is relatively low,and age,education level,marital status,occupation,and whether they live with the patient are the influencing factors of social support for family members of patients.Strengthening health education for patient family members,seeking social assistance,and improving their personal skills are conducive to improving the level of social support for patient family members,as well as facilitating the management and rehabilitation of patients with severe mental disorders.