上海市青浦区小学生不良饮食行为现状及家庭因素调查

Investigation on the Current Situation and Family Factors of Poor Eating Behavior Among Primary School Students in Qingpu District,Shanghai

目的了解上海市青浦区小学生的饮食行为现状及家庭相关因素,为本区小学生的健康饮食行为干预提供科学依据。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法,整群抽取青浦区3所小学三、四年级的2个班级,对全部学生及学生家长进行问卷调查。结果小学生就餐时间过快或过慢、食用西式快餐频次>2次/月、喝含糖饮料频次>2次/周、吃油炸食物频次>2次/周的发生率分别为22.4%、8.4%、34.0%和15.5%。随着学生年龄的增长,不良就餐时间的发生率逐渐降低(P<0.05);仅父母作为看护人的小学生不良食用西式快餐行为的发生率低于祖父母辈参与看护的小学生(P<0.05),但不良摄入含糖饮料行为的发生率更高(P<0.05)。小学生无不良饮食行为、仅有1种不良饮食行为、同时有2种及以上不良饮食行为的占比分别为45.0%、35.1%和19.2%。导致小学生不良饮食行为的家长行为发生率较高。结论小学生的不良饮食行为发生率仍然较高。家长应在提高营养知识的同时,在行为上为子女做出榜样,共同养成良好的饮食习惯。

Objective To understand the current situation of poor eating behaviors among primary school students in Qingpu District,as well as to provide a scientific basis for cultivating healthy eating behaviors in children and implementing effective interventions.Methods Using a random whole group sampling method,students from 2 classes of 3rd grade and 4th grade in three primary schools of Qingpu District were selected,and parents of the students were surveyed with questionnaires.Results The incidence rates of primary school students having meals too fast or too slow,consuming Western fast food more than twice a month,drinking sugary drinks more than twice a week,and eating fried food more than twice a week were 22.4%,8.4%,34.0%,and 15.5%,respectively.As students age,the incidence of poor dining time gradually decreases(P<0.05);the incidence of unhealthy consumption of Western fast food among primary school students with only parents as caregivers was lower than that of primary school students with grandparents participating in caregiving(P<0.05),but the incidence of unhealthy consumption of sugary drinks was higher(P<0.05).The proportion of primary school students who had no unhealthy eating behaviors,only one unhealthy eating behavior,and two or more unhealthy eating behaviors at the same time were 45.0%,35.1%,and 19.2%,respectively.The incidence of parental behavior leading to poor dietary habits among primary school students was relatively high.Conclusion The incidence of unhealthy eating behaviors among primary school students is still relatively high.Parents should not only improve their nutrition knowledge,but also set an example for their children in behavior,and jointly develop good eating habits.