配施荧光假单胞菌对采煤区复垦土壤化学及生物学特性的影响

Effects of Pseudomonas fluorescens on Soil Chemical and Biological Properties in Coal Mining Areas

为探讨无机肥、有机肥配施荧光假单胞菌对采煤区复垦土壤化学生物学特性的影响,以复垦5 a的土壤为研究对象,设置单施无机肥(CF)、荧光假单胞菌剂配施无机肥(CFB)、单施有机肥(M)、荧光假单胞菌剂配施有机肥(MB)、不施肥(CK)共5个处理。结果表明,MB处理较M处理有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、微生物量碳氮含量显著增加了5.57%~21.30%,碱性磷酸酶、脲酶、转化酶活性显著增加了15.44%~18.68%;而CFB处理较CF处理仅碱解氮含量、脲酶活性分别显著增加了4.77%、12.62%,表明荧光假单胞菌可以在一定程度上提高复垦土壤化学生物指标。复垦土壤的优势菌门为放线菌门、变形菌门、绿弯菌门、芽单胞菌门、拟杆菌门,优势菌属为节杆菌属、芽生球菌属、KD4-96、芽单胞菌属、鞘氨醇单胞菌属、类诺卡氏菌属、Vicinamibacterales、Vicinamibacteraceae、JG30-KF-CM45。施加荧光假单胞菌对复垦土壤细菌多样性指数和优势菌门、菌属组成无显著影响,但可在一定程度上改变细菌属水平相对丰度。冗余分析结果表明,有机质、碱解氮对复垦土壤细菌群落的影响程度较高,脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、转化酶对复垦土壤细菌群落的影响程度较低。主成分分析表明,与M处理相比,MB处理的综合得分增加了2.92;与CF处理相比,CFB处理的综合得分增加了1.82。综上,荧光假单胞菌的施用有利于采煤复垦区土壤的熟化,且荧光假单胞菌与有机肥配施效果优于荧光假单胞菌与无机肥配施。

This paper is to explore the effects of inorganic and organic fertilizers combined with Pseudomonas fluorescens on the chemical and biological properties of reclaimed soil in coal mining areas.In this article,the soil reclaimed for five years was taken as the research object.Five treatments were set up:inorganic fertilizer(CF),P.fluorescens + inorganic fertilizer(CFB),organic fertilizer(M),P.fluorescens + organic fertilizer(MB),and no fertilization(CK).The results show that the organic matter,alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorus,and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content of MB treatment significantly increased by 5.57%~21.30% compared to M treatment,while the activities of alkaline phosphatase,urease,and invertase significantly increased by 15.44%~18.68%.CFB treatment only significantly increased the alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen content and urease activity by 4.77% and 12.62% compared to CF treatment,indicating that P.fluorescens could improve the chemical and biological properties of the reclaimed soil to some extent.The dominant bacterial phyla in the reclaimed soil were Actinobacteria,Proteobacteria,Chlorobacterium,Bacteroidetes,Bacteroidetes,the dominant bacterial genera were Arthrobacter,Bacillus,KD4-96,Bacillus,Sphingomonas,Nocardia,Vicinamibacterales,Vicinamibacteraceae,and JG30-KF-CM45.Addition of P.fluorescens had no significant effect on the bacterial diversity index and the composition of dominant phyla and genus in the reclaimed soil,but it could change the relative abundance of bacteria genera to some extent.Redundancy analysis showed that organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen had the higher impact on the bacterial community in the reclaimed soil,while urease,alkaline phosphatase,and invertase had the lower impact.Principal component analysis showed that compared with M treatment,the comprehensive score of MB treatment increased by 2.92,and compared with CF treatment,the comprehensive score of CFB treatment increased by 1.82.In summary,the application of P.fluorescens was beneficial for the maturation of soil in coal mining and reclamation areas and the combination of P.fluorescens and organic fertilizer had a better effect than the combination of P.fluorescens and inorganic fertilizer.