棉花开花调控相关基因研究进展

Research Progress on Genes Related to Flowering Regulation in Cotton

棉花是重要的经济作物,棉花的早熟性状与株型、产量、品质等关系密切,是育种的重要目标之一。FT(FLOWERING LOCUS T)和CETS(CENTRORADIALIS/TERMINAL FLOWER1/SELF-PRUNING)是调控植物开花的2类重要蛋白,进化上高度保守,皆属于PEBP(Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Protein)家族,FT和CETS通过竞争性结合bZIP转录因子FD或14-4-3蛋白决定植物开花。棉花中PEBP家族基因在调控开花及株型发育方面同样起重要的作用。其中,GhFT基因可促进棉花提早开花,GhFT和GhFD蛋白可与不同的GhGRF蛋白形成有功能的三元复合体来调控SAM(Shoot Apical Meristem)的发育。GhSP、GhCEN基因抑制开花,棉花中降低GhSP、GhCEN的表达则可促进棉花植株的有限生长,导致开花时间提前,果枝变短。表明这2个基因在调节棉花开花和株型发育方面具有较大应用潜力。MADS-box转录因子家族是调控棉花开花的另一类重要转录因子,成员众多,但至今大部分仍未被分离鉴定。为了全面解析棉花开花调控的分子机制,挖掘与开花及株型发育相关的重要基因,利用基因工程技术或CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术,定向修饰有利基因,创制早熟性好、株型理想的棉花育种新种质提供理论参考,文章综述了PEBP及MADS-box转录因子在棉花开花调控方面的研究进展。

Cotton is an important economic crop,and the early maturity trait of cotton,which is one of the important goals of breeding,is closely related to plant type,yield,quality,etc..FT(FLOWERING LOCUS T) and CETS(CENTRORADIALIS/TERMINAL FLOWER1/SELF-PRUNNING) are two important types of proteins in regulating plant flowering,and are highly conserved in terms of evolution,both belonging to the PEBP(Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Protein) family.FT and CETS determine plant flowering by competitively binding to the bZIP transcription factor FD or 14-4-3 protein.The PEBP family genes in cotton also plays an important role in regulating flowering and plant type development.Among them,GhFT promotes earlier flowering of cotton,and GhFT and GhFD proteins can form a functional ternary complex with different GhGRF proteins to regulate the development of SAM(Shoot Apical Meristem).GhSP or GhCEN inhibit cotton flowering,and lowering the expression of GhSP or GhCEN in cotton promotes the limited growth of cotton plants,resulting in earlier flowering and shorter fruiting branches,indicating that the two genes have application potential on regulation of cotton flowering and development of plant type.The MADS-box transcription factor family is another important transcription factors in regulating cotton flowering,although there are numerous members of the MADS-box genes in cotton,most of them have not been isolated and characterized so far.In this paper,in order to completely analyze the molecular mechanism of cotton flowering regulation,explore important genes related to flowering and development of plant type,and utilize genetic engineering technology or CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology to targetedly modify favorable genes,so as to create new germplasm for cotton breeding with good early maturity and desirable plant type,the research progress of PEBP and MADS-box transcription factors in the regulation of cotton flowering was reviewed.