卡夫卡小说《美国》的英译研究

On the English Translation of Franz Kafka’s America

《美国》是弗兰兹·卡夫卡的第一部长篇小说,也是其被翻译得最多的作品之一。卡夫卡逝世百年来,《美国》的英译大致历经了发轫期、校勘期和繁荣期三个阶段。由于译者翻译动机和文化语境的不同,每个阶段的译本呈现出鲜明的差异性,在不同程度上助推了“卡夫卡式”和“卡夫卡热”的兴起与传播,刺激了全球范围内的卡夫卡研究。深入考察《美国》英语译介的脉络,不仅能多维地呈现作品百年间的英译图景,也有助于理解卡夫卡作品在英语世界的传播、接受和经典化进程。

America is Franz Kafka's first full-length novel and one of his most widely translated works.Since the death of the author one hundred years ago,the English translation of America has roughly gone through three stages,namely the initial stage,the revision stage and the prosperity stage.Due to the differences in translators' motivation and cultural context,English versions of America have presented vast diversity,which promotes the rise and spread of Kafkaesque and Kafkafieber,as well as the worldwide studies on Kafka to varying degrees.A thorough investigation of the evolution of the English translation of America can engender not only a multidimensional picture of English versions of the novel over the past century,but also a better understanding of the dissemination,acceptance,and canonization of Kafka's works in the English-speaking world.