汉语失语症研究:回顾与展望

Studies on Chinese Aphasia:Retrospect and Prospect

失语症患者语言加工机制研究对揭示大脑与语言的关系具有重要意义。作为失语症研究的重要组成部分,汉语失语症研究受到心理语言学、神经语言学及医学领域越来越多的关注,其语言学研究及诊疗研究已取得了一些重要成果,得出了有意义的结论。通过回顾汉语失语症语音和音系、词汇、句法、语篇和诊疗等层面的相关研究,发现:(1)语言学领域的汉语失语症研究起步较晚,经历了由描述语言障碍程度到考察语音和音系、词汇、句法和语篇精细化加工的过程;(2)汉语失语症研究的内容有待拓展,如尚需开展其语用层面研究;(3)已有研究主题较分散,未形成突出的热点,也未得出一致结论;(4)诊疗手段呈多样化,但仍需更好地结合语言学理论,提高诊疗方案的有效性。本文对其未来研究发展进行展望,以期进一步丰富该领域的研究内容,为开展更为深入和全面的相关研究提供借鉴。

The research on language processing mechanisms of aphasics is of significance to unveil the relationship between brain and language.As an important line of aphasia research,Chinese aphasia has been a major concern in the fields of psycholinguistics,neurolinguistics,and medical science.Substantial linguistic and clinical studies on Chinese aphasia have yielded significant results and reached meaningful conclusions.Based on the review of the studies on phonetic,phonological,lexical,syntactic,and discourse aspects,as well as the diagnosis and treatment of Chinese aphasia,the current research revealed the following findings:(1)Linguistic research on Chinese aphasia started relatively late and has gone through a process from describing the degree of language impairment to examining its elaborate processing of phonetics,phonology,lexicon,syntax,and discourse.(2)The scope of studies on Chinese aphasia is not comprehensive enough and needs to be expanded to other levels,such as pragmatic level.(3)The existing studies were scattered in various topics and had not formed prominent hot issues,nor had they reached a consistent conclusion concerning some topics.(4)The methods of diagnosis and treatment of Chinese aphasia have been diverse,but a better integration with linguistic theories is needed to improve the effectiveness of diagnosis and treatment plans.This study provides an outlook on future directions on Chinese aphasia,in the hope of broadening the research topics and providing suggestions for more in-depth and comprehensive research in the future.