环塔盆地不同山葡萄品种果实品质间的差异

The Difference of Fruit Quality on Vitis amurensis Rupr.around Tarim Basin

为山葡萄在环塔盆地生态区域的选育、推广应用提供科学理论依据,建立8个新疆山葡萄果实综合评价体系。以2019-2021年田间表现良好的山葡萄‘北冰红’‘双红’‘左优红’‘雪兰红’‘双丰’‘北国红’‘左山1’和‘左山2’为试材,测量果实23项外观及理化品质指标,按照测量结果进行描述性统计和主成分分析,根据综合得分进行排名。结果表明,23项果实品质指标变异程度不同,其中白藜芦醇、果形指数、Zn含量和花色苷变异程度较大,超过50%;果穗质量、原花青素、固酸比和Fe含量变异程度一般,为30%~50%;其他果实品质指标变异程度较小(<30%)。因子分析提取出6个特征根>1的公因子,累计方差贡献率达97.839%,公因子PC1贡献率达22.154%,主要由pH、果实纵径、横径、单果质量、单果体积和果穗质量决定,主要反映果实外观品质;公因子PC_(2)贡献率达20.987%,由可溶性固形物、总糖、糖酸比、固酸比和Mn含量5个因子决定,主要反映果汁的糖度;公因子PC_(3)贡献率为19.820%,由Ca、Mg和Cu含量3个因子决定,主要反映矿质元素含量。公因子PC_(4)贡献率为19.117%,由花色苷、总酸和果形指数3个因子决定,主要反映果汁色泽、酸度和果实形状;公因子PC_(5)贡献率为8.293%,由原花青素和总黄酮2个因子决定,主要反映果实的营养状况;公因子PC_(6)贡献率为7.467%,由白藜芦醇和Zn含量2个因子决定,主要反映白藜芦醇和Zn含量的高低情况。山葡萄果实品质综合得分排序由高到低依次是:‘北冰红’‘左优红’‘雪兰红’‘左山2’‘北国红’‘双丰’‘双红’‘左山1’。

To provide a scientific theoretical basis for the breeding,popularization and application of Vitis amurensis Rupr.around the ecological region of Tarim Basin,eight comprehensive systems for the evaluation of Xinjiang Vitis amurensis Rupr was established,the grape varieties with good field performance,which inculded Vitis amurensis Rupr.‘Beibinghong’‘Shuanghong’‘Zuoyouhong’‘Xuelanhong’‘Shuangfeng’‘Beiguohong’‘Zuoshan1’and‘Zuoshan 2’,were used as test materials from2019-2021 to measure 23 appearance and physical and chemical quality indicators of the fruit,and then its fruit was ranked according to the comprehensive score by descriptive statistics and PCA.The results showed that the 23 fruit quality indicators had different degrees of variation,of which the resveratrol,fruit shape index,Zn content and anthocyanin had significnat degree of variation,being more than,50%;cob mass,proanthocyanidins,solid acid ratio,and Fe content showed average variation,ranging from 30% to 50%;there were slight differences in other fruit quality indicators,being<30%.Six common factors with characteristic root>1 were extracted by factor analysis and their cumulative variance contribution rate reached 97.839%and a common factor PC 1 contribution rate reached 22.154%,which were mainly determined by pH,fruit longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter,fruit mass per fruit,fruit volume per fruit and cob mass,and could mainly reflect the information of the fruit appearance quality.The common factor PC_(2) contribution rate reached 20.987%,which was determined by five factors,namely,soluble solids,total sugar,sugar-acid ratio,solid-acid ratio,and Mn content,and could mainly reflect the information of the sugar content of fruit juice;the common factor PC_(3) contribution rate reached 19.820%,which was determined by three factors,namely,Ca,Mg and Cu content,and could mainly reflect the content of mineral elements.The common factor PC_(4) contribution rate reached 19.117%,which was determined by three factors,namely,anthocyanin,total acid,and fruit shape index,and could mainly reflect juice color,acidity,and fruit shape;the common factor PC_(5) contribution rate reached 8.293%,which was determined by two factors,proanthocyanidins,and total flavonoids,could mainly reflect the nutritional status of the fruit.The common factor PC_(6) contribution rate reached 7.467%,which was determined by two factors,namely resveratrol and Zn content,which could mainly reflect the level of resveratrol and Zn content.The comprehensive score of Vitis amurensis Rupr.fruit quality was in descending order as‘Beibinghong’‘Zuoyouhong’‘Xuelanhong’‘Zuoshan2’‘Beiguohong’‘Shuangfeng’‘Shuanghong’‘Zuoshan 1’.