微塑料在黄河流域的污染现状与治理研究进展

Current Status of Micro⁃Plastic Pollution in the Yellow River Basin and Research Progress on Its Remediation

我国是世界最大的塑料制品生产和消费国,而黄河流域人口密集,其水质安全极其重要。针对黄河流域水体中微塑料,通过调研大量黄河流域微塑料污染相关文献,从微塑料的来源特征、形状与粒径、空间与季节分布特征等方面系统归纳了黄河流域微塑料污染现状,结合不同地区人口密度、地理环境和季节变化进行深入分析,进一步对比了黄河流域和国内其他主要河流微塑料污染状况,结果表明:微塑料在黄河流域的丰度整体呈现西低东高的态势,黄河流域干流微塑料粒径大部分集中在200μm以下,黄河流域枯水期微塑料丰度大于丰水期的。此外,还系统阐述了微塑料的生物毒性及治理技术研究进展。

China is the world’s largest producer and consumer of plastic products,and the densely populated Yellow River Basin underscores the critical importance of water quality safety.Based on extensive research on micro-plastic pollution in the Yellow River Basin,we systemati-cally summarized the current status of micro-plastic pollution,including its sources,shapes and sizes,spatial and seasonal distribution char-acteristics.In-depth analysis was conducted by considering variations in population density,geographical environment,and seasonal changes across different regions.Furthermore,a comparison with micro-plastic pollution in other major rivers in China was made.The results indicate that the abundance of micro-plastics in the Yellow River Basin generally shows a west-to-east gradient,with most micro-plastics in the main stream of the Yellow River having a particle size concentration below 200μm,and higher abundance during low-flow periods compared to high-flow periods.Additionally,the biological toxicity of micro-plastics and advances in remediation technologies are systematically discussed.