高层建筑不同外保温立面结构火蔓延模拟研究

Simulation study on fire spread of different exterior insulation facade structures in high rise buildings

为明确高层建筑外保温立面结构与火灾蔓延的关系,采用Pyrosim火灾仿真软件,研究不同外保温立面结构对高层建筑火蔓延的影响。结果表明:高层建筑外立面火蔓延过程中,不同外立面结构保温系统随其结构空间受限程度的增大,正面空气卷吸能力减小,热释放速率降低,但其烟囱效应显著增强、烟气流速更快,导致竖向火蔓延速度加快;铝板幕墙结构保温系统随其空气层厚度的增加,温度和烟气流速先增大后呈现较大波动;外墙保温系统性能的老化将增加高层建筑外立面火灾风险。

In order to clarify the relationship between the exterior insulation facade structure and fire spread in high-rise buildings,Pyrosim fire simulation software was used to study the impact of different exterior insulation facade structures on fire spread in high-rise buildings.The results show that during the process of fire spread on the exterior facade of high-rise buildings,the insulation systems of different exterior facade structures reduce the air entrainment capacity and heat release rate as the degree of structural space limitation increases.However,their chimney effect is significantly enhanced,and the smoke flow rate is faster,leading to an accelerated vertical fire spread speed.As the thickness of the air layer increases,the temperature and smoke flow rate of the aluminum curtain wall structure insulation system first increase and then show significant fluctuations.The aging of the performance of the external wall insulation system will increase the risk of fire on the exterior facade of high-rise buildings.