减少奶牛胃肠道甲烷排放策略研究进展

Research Progress on Strategies to Reduce Methane Emissions from the Gastrointestinal Tract of Dairy Cows

奶牛的胃肠道甲烷排放是畜牧业对全球温室气体排放的重要来源之一。减少奶牛甲烷排放对于应对气候变化和环境可持续性发展至关重要,同时也能为提高生产效率提供重要依据。本文从奶牛胃肠道甲烷生成机制、排放影响因子和减排策略3个方面综述了奶牛胃肠道甲烷排放的研究进展,并探讨了该领域面临的挑战和未来发展方向,旨在为后续研究及牧场碳排管理提供一些参考建议。减少奶牛胃肠道甲烷排放是一个复杂且具有挑战性的课题,奶牛胃肠道甲烷生成主要有3条路径,综合分析发现甲烷减排的关键在于阻断瘤胃内的氢被利用合成甲烷。同时,结合甲烷排放的影响因子及前期的研究报道,本文提出了一些减排策略,主要包括优化日粮结构、改善饲料品质、添加油脂调节瘤胃发酵和使用甲烷抑制剂。未来的研究应注重优化策略的组合,探索更多创新的方法,在不影响奶牛生长性能、牛奶安全的前提下来减少奶牛胃肠道甲烷排放,科学有效地促进畜牧业可持续发展。

Gastrointestinal methane emissions from dairy cows are one of the livestock industry's important contributions to global greenhouse gas emissions.Reducing cow methane emissions is essential to combat climate change and environmental sustainability,as well as providing an important basis for improving production efficiency.This paper systematically reviews the research progress of cow gastrointestinal methane emission from three aspects:the mechanism of methane production in dairy cows,the influencing factors of cow methane emissions,and the methane emission reduction strategy of dairy cows,and discusses the challenges and future development directions in this field,aiming to provide some reference suggestions for follow-up research and pasture carbon emission management.Reducing methane emissions from the gastrointestinal tract of dairy cows is a complex and challenging issue,there are three main paths of methane production in cows' gastrointestinal tract,and comprehensive analysis shows that the key to methane emission reduction is to block the use of hydrogen in the rumen to synthesize methane.At the same time,combined with the influencing factors of methane emissions and previous research reports,some emission reduction strategies are proposed,mainly including optimizing diet structure,improving feed quality,adding oils and fats to regulate rumen fermentation,and using methane inhibitors.Future research should focus on optimizing the combination of strategies,exploring more innovative methods to reduce cow gastrointestinal methane emissions without affecting cow growth performance and milk safety,and scientifically and effectively promoting the sustainable development of animal husbandry.