甲状腺内胸腺癌临床诊断和治疗的研究进展

Advances in diagnosis and treatment of intrathyroid thymic carcinoma

甲状腺内胸腺癌是发生在甲状腺内的胸腺上皮来源的恶性肿瘤,临床以进行性增大的颈部肿块为特点,常与甲状腺肿瘤相混淆。影像学检查是最常用的检查方法,免疫组化检测CD5和CD117呈高表达,基因检测不存在BRAF基因突变,少数存在TERT启动子突变。确诊需要依靠术后病理学,辅以免疫组化检测,治疗采取以手术切除为主,术后辅以放疗和化疗,可以有效延长生存期和降低复发率。本文通过对甲状腺内胸腺癌的临床表现、影像学检查、病理组织形态学、免疫表型特点以及目前的治疗方式等作一综述,旨在帮助提高临床医生对甲状腺内胸腺癌的诊断与治疗水平。

Intrathyroid thymic carcinoma is a malignant neoplasm of thymic epithelial origin occurring in the thyroid gland.thymic carcinoma is characterized by a progressive enlargement of the neck mass and is often confused with Thyroid neoplasm.Imaging was the most commonly used method,immunohistochemistry showed high expression of CD5 and CD117,gene detection without BRAF gene mutation,a small number of TERT promoter mutation.The final diagnosis depends on postoperative pathology and immunohistochemistry,and the treatment is mainly surgical resection.postoperative adjuvant therapy can effectively delay disease progression and recurernce rate.This review analyzed the clinical manifestations,imaging examination,histopathology,immunophenotypic features,and current treatment modalities of intrathyroid thymic carcinoma,aiming to improve clinicians'understanding of intrathyroid thymic carcinoma.