子女受教育程度与父母主观幸福感的关系:父母未来信心的中介效应

The Relationship Between Children’s Educational Attainment and Parents’Subjective Well-Being:the Mediating Effect of Parents’Future Confidence

采用2018年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)的数据,检验家庭中子女受教育程度与父母主观幸福感的关系,发现子女受教育程度与父母晚年阶段的主观幸福感有着显著的正相关关系;“父母未来信心”在子女受教育程度与父母主观幸福感之间存在着显著的中介效应,即子女受教育程度在一定程度上通过影响“父母未来信心”而影响着父母的主观幸福感;父母养育子女的数量与父母的主观幸福感和父母未来信心存在显著的负相关,但是这种负相关会随着子女受教育程度的提高而逐渐降低;稳定而持续的婚姻、良好的健康状况以及拥有非农户口和养老保险等均与父母主观幸福感存在显著的正相关关系。基于此,提出如下建议:首先,家庭对子女的教育投资是最优及理性的选择;其次,政府相关部门需加大对多子女家庭的专项教育补贴,降低教育成本;最后,鼓励“老有所养”和“幼有所育”良性互动,突出子女教育对父母养老的反哺功能。

Data from the 2018 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)were used to test the relationship between children’s educational attainment and parents’subjective well-being in families.It was found that children’s educational attainment was significantly and positively correlated with parents’subjective well-being in their later stages of life.There was a significant mediating effect of parents’future confidence between children’s educational attainment and parents’subjective well-being,that is,children’s educational attainment affected parents’subjective well-being to a certain extent by affecting parents’future confidence.There was a significantly negative correlation between the number of children raised by parents and parents’subjective well-being and parents’future confidence,but this negative correlation gradually decreased with the improvement of children’s educational attainment.Stable and sustained marriage,good health,having non-agricultural household registration and pension insurance were significantly and positively correlated with parents’subjective well-being.Based on this,the following suggestions are put forward:first,it is optimal and rational for families to invest in children’s education;second,relevant government departments need to increase special education subsidies for families with many children to reduce educational costs;last,the positive interaction between“care for the elderly”and“nurturing the young”should be encouraged,and the function of children’s education in feeding their parents in their old age should be emphasized.