植物组织培养外植体灭菌技术研究进展

Research Progress on Explant Sterilization Technology of Plant Tissue Culture

外植体污染一直是植物组织培养过程中极难解决的问题,外植体灭菌效果直接关系着植物组织培养能否成功启动。本文从影响外植体灭菌效果的因素、外植体灭菌方法、纳米粒子在外植体灭菌中的应用等方面综述了近些年植物组织培养外植体灭菌技术研究进展。结果发现:在干旱季节或连续的晴朗天气条件下采集外植体,污染率最低;在外植体表面灭菌之前先进行流水冲洗、洗涤剂(消毒液)浸泡、黄化、水培、热水浴等处理,可在一定程度上降低污染率;外植体表面消毒可使用氯化汞和次氯酸钠等消毒剂;当外植体有严重的内生菌时,可使用四环素、链霉素等抗生素进行抑制。此外,纳米粒子也越来越多地用于植物组织培养中污染物的抑制。

Explant contamination has always been an extremely difficult problem to solve in the process of plant tissue culture,and the sterilization effect of explant is directly related to whether plant tissue culture can be successfully initiated.In this paper,the research progress of explant sterilization technology for plant tissue culture in recent years was reviewed,including factors that affect the sterilization effect of explants,explant sterilization methods,and the application of nanoparticles in explant sterilization.It was found that the contamination rate of explants was the lowest when the explants were collected in dry season or continuous sunny weather conditions.Before surface sterilization of the explants,water washing,detergent(disinfectant)soaking,yellowing,hydroponics,hot water bath,and other treatments could reduce the contamination rate to a certain extent.Disinfectants such as HgCl2 and NaClO could be used for surface disinfection of explants.When there were severe endophytic bacteria in the explants,antibiotics such as tetracycline and streptomycin could be used to inhibit them.In addition,nanoparticles have been increasingly used to inhibit contaminants in plant tissue culture.