西北黄绵土区长期定位施肥对冬小麦产量和品质的影响

Effects of Long-term Located Fertilization on Yield and Quality Characters of Winter Wheat in the Northwestern Loessial Soil Region

为了探讨西北黄绵土区长期定位施肥对冬小麦籽粒产量及品质的影响,以40年长期定位施肥试验为基础,研究了不同研究了不同有机肥和化肥配施对小麦产量及品质的影响。结果表明,在西北黄绵土区施用有机肥有明显的增产作用,氮肥和磷肥是限制小麦产量和生长的重要因素,钾肥对小麦的增产作用不明显。施用化肥能提高小麦籽粒蛋白质和湿面筋含量,单施氮肥、在有机肥和氮肥配施的基础上配施磷肥和钾肥都会降低蛋白质和湿面筋含量;单施氮肥会提高小麦籽粒沉降值,磷肥、钾肥、有机肥和无机肥配施均会降低小麦籽粒沉降值;单施氮肥、有机肥和氮肥配施能延长稳定时间和形成时间,施用化肥会降低抗延伸阻力,有机肥对抗延伸阻力的提升作用不明显。综上,该试验条件下,有机肥与氮肥配施为提高小麦产量和品质的有效措施,长期施用钾肥会制约小麦产量和品质的提升。

In order to explore the effects of long-term located fertilization on grain yield and quality of winter wheat in the loessial soil region of northwest China,based on the 40-year long-term fertilization experiment,the effects of different organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers on the yield and quality of wheat were studied.The results showed that the application of organic fertilizer in the loessial soil area of Northwest China had obvious effect on increasing yield.N fertilizer and P fertilizer were two important factors limiting the yield and growth of wheat,and K fertilizer had no obvious effect on increasing yield of wheat.The application of chemical fertilizer could increase the content of protein and wet gluten in wheat grains.Single application of N fertilizer,combined application of P fertilizer and K fertilizer on the basis of organic fertilizer and N fertilizer would reduce the content of protein and wet gluten.Single application of N fertilizer would increase the sedimentation value of wheat grains,and the combined application of P,K fertilizer,organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer would reduce the sedimentation value of wheat grains.Single application of N fertilizer,organic fertilizer and N fertilizer could prolong the stability time and formation time.The application of chemical fertilizer would reduce the resistance to extension,and the effect of organic fertilizer on the resistance to extension was not obvious.The above shows that under the experimental conditions,the combined application of organic fertilizer and N fertilizer is an effective measure to improve the yield and quality of wheat,and long-term application of K fertilizer will restrict the improvement of wheat yield and quality.