苗族祭仪“布冲他力”的名称含义与仪式性质

Name Meaning and Ritual Nature of the Miao Sacrifice"bulqodntadlis"

苗语东部方言区的苗族有一堂称为“布冲他力”(bul qod tead lis)的祭祀仪式,有白天与黑夜之分。“布冲”(bul qod)是指砍掉仪式中带刺的qod(冲)树,以达到“他力”(tead lis)的目的,即解开詈、咒语。此仪式与另一种也有白天黑夜之分的祭祀仪式“叭力”关系紧密,是同一种仪式的分化。无论是仪式行为还是祭祀目的,“布冲他力”目前在各地已经有了很大的变异与分化。

The Miao people in the eastern dialect area of the Miao language have a sacrificial ritual called"bulqodntadlis",which is divided into day and night."bulqod"refers to the act of chopping down a thorny qod tree in a ritual in order to achieve the goal of"ntadlis",that is,to untie curses and spells.This ritual is closely related to another type of sacrificial ritual that also has a distinction between day and night,known as"Ba Li",and is a differentiation of the same ritual.Whether it is the ritual behavior or the purpose of sacrifice,"bulqodntadlis"has had great variation and differentiation in various places.