基于测绘学角度探讨海岸线及其测定方法

Discussion on the Determination of the Coastline Based on Surveying and Mapping

海岸线是陆海统筹基础地理信息的关键要素,其科学精准的确定对海岸带管理具有重要的意义。本文系统梳理了目前我国海岸线定义、分类以及测定方法,比对分析了传统痕迹海岸线测量和基于潮汐模型的海岸线测定的结果,并进一步讨论了我国海岸线定义、分类及界定存在的分歧和问题。基于我国海岸线测量存在的问题以及在理论和实践上的进步,建议海岸线定义为多年大潮平均高潮面与海岸交接形成的海陆分界线,建议基于测绘学的海岸线测定采用联合潮汐模型和DEM的确定方法。本文认为基于测绘学的海岸线定义和测定方法,能为我国提供基准统一、精确客观的海岸线。

The coastline is a key element of basic geographic information for land-sea coordination,and its scientific and accurate determination is of great significance for coastal zone management.This study systematically reviews the definition,classification,and surveying methods of the coastline,compares and analyzes the results of traditional trace coastline measurement and coastline measurement based on the tidal model.We further discuss the differences and problems in the definition,classification,and determination of the coastline.Based on the problems in the coastline measurement and the progress in theory and practice,we propose that one can define the coastline as the boundary line between the sea and land formed by the intersection of the multi-year average high tide surface and the coast,and suggest that one can use a joint tidal model and DEM determination method for determining the coastline based on surveying and mapping.The definition and surveying methods of coastline based on surveying and mapping proposed in this study can provide the unified,accurate and objective coastlines.