“寸步”的成词及演变研究

The Word Formation and Evolution of"Cunbu"

弱力度特征情状副词“寸步”经历了词汇化和语法化的演变过程。在历史发展过程中,语素“寸”由量词产生出形容词用法。“寸步”产生之初为偏正短语表示“极小的步子”,后词汇化为名词表示“极短的距离”,在语义上具有主观小量和“弱力度”特征,又逐渐语法化为情状副词,在现代汉语中语法化进程依旧继续。句法位置、高频使用和组块心理在其词汇化和语法化过程中发挥重大作用。

The manner adverb of weak intensity"Cunbu"has experienced the evolution process of lexicalization and grammaticalization.In the process of diachronicdevelopment,themorpheme"Cun"produced adjective usage from the quantifier.In the beginning,"Cunbu"came into being as a biased phrase meaning"very small step",and later as a noun meaning"very short distance",it has the characteristics of subjective small amount and"weak force"in semantics,and gradually grammarized into manner adverbs,and the grammarized process still continues in modern Chinese.Syntactic position,high-frequency use and block psychology play an important role in the process oflexicalization andgrammaticalization.