不同降水年型与不同茬口对小麦植株氮素吸收转运与利用的影响

Effects of different precipitation patterns and crop types on nitrogen uptake,transport,and utilization in wheat plants

为明确不同降水年型与小麦植株氮素吸收转运的关系,探索不同茬口的高效生产技术路径,本试验连续2年在河南驻马店农业科学院试验示范基地,研究不同降水年型和不同茬口对小麦植株氮素吸收利用、转运特性以及氮效率的影响。结果表明,丰水年较歉水年有利于大豆茬小麦植株氮素的吸收,提高小麦植株氮素的积累,促进花后积累的氮素向籽粒中运转;大豆茬和花生茬较玉米茬均可提高小麦植株含氮率,有利于小麦植株氮素积累,促进叶片和茎秆+茎鞘中的氮素向籽粒转移,提高小麦植株花前氮运转量和氮素转移率,最终增加小麦籽粒的氮效率和籽粒产量;丰水年较歉水年可明显提高不同茬口小麦植株的氮素吸收效率及氮素生产效率。不同降水年型下,大豆茬和花生茬均可促进小麦植株氮素吸收,有利于花后氮素积累向籽粒的运转,从而提高籽粒产量,最终提高小麦植株氮素利用效率,在歉水年条件下以大豆茬效果较好,丰水年条件下以花生茬效果较好。

In order to clarify the relationship between different precipitation patterns and nitrogen uptake and transport in wheat plants,and to explore efficient production technology paths for different crop types,this experiment investigated the effects of different precipitation patterns and crop types on nitrogen uptake and utilization,transport characteristics,and nitrogen efficiency in wheat plants at the experimental demonstration base of the Zhumadian Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Henan Province for two consecutive years.The results showed that the high water year was more conducive to the absorption of nitrogen by wheat plants after soybean cropping compared to the low water year,improving the accumulation of nitrogen in wheat plants and promoting the transport of nitrogen accumulated after flowering to the grains.Both soybean and peanut stubble could increase the nitrogen content of wheat plants compared to corn stubble,which was beneficial for nitrogen accumulation in wheat plants,promoting the transfer of nitrogen from leaves,stems and sheaths to grains,improving the pre flowering nitrogen transport and nitrogen transfer rate of wheat plants,and ultimately increasing the nitrogen efficiency and yield of wheat grains.The nitrogen absorption efficiency and nitrogen production efficiency of wheat plants with different crop types could be significantly improved in the year of abundant water compared to the year of insufficient water.Under different precipitation year types,both soybean and peanut stubbles can promote nitrogen absorption in wheat plants,which is beneficial for nitrogen accumulation and transportation to the grains after flowering,thereby increasing grain yield and ultimately improving nitrogen utilization efficiency of wheat plants.In low water years,soybean stubble has a better effect,while peanut stubble has a better effect in high water years.