东欧社会主义国家汉学发展及其特征

Explorations on the Features and Development of Sinology in East European Socialist Countries

东欧汉学主要是指曾经属于苏联阵营、践行社会主义制度的欧洲国家的汉学。在显性的“苏联化”与隐性的“去苏联化”的内在张力中,东欧汉学显现出它的独特性。苏联化一方面意味着马克思主义成为东欧汉学的认识论和方法论基础,文艺的意识形态属性和社会功能得到加强;另一方面也意味着社会主义阵营内部的交流与合作受到重视,这为东欧汉学的快速发展创造了有利条件。但是东欧汉学也一直在暗暗地摆脱苏联模式的消极影响,努力在政治压力与学术品格之间保持平衡。东欧各国曲折发展的社会主义运动以及与中国关系的冷热交替,都成为影响各自汉学研究发展的重要因素。

Eastern European Sinology mainly refers to Sinology in European countries that were once part of the Soviet bloc and practiced the socialist system,and its political connotation gives it distinctive ideological characteristics.It is precisely within the internal tension of Sovietization and de-Sovietization that Eastern European Sinology reveals its uniqueness.The Sovietization,on one hand,meant that Marxism became the epistemological and methodological foundation of East European Sinology,and the ideological attributes and social functions of literature were strengthened.On the other hand,it also meant that exchanges and cooperation within the socialist bloc were valued,which created favorable conditions for the rapid development of East European Sinology.However,East European Sinology has also been quietly getting rid of the negative influence of the Soviet model,striving to maintain a balance between political pressure and academic integrity.The twists and turns of the socialist movement in various East European countries,as well as the fluctuating relationships with China,have all become important factors affecting the development of their Sinological development.