黄河上游景泰川电力提灌工程的经济与生态效益

Economic and ecological benefits of Jingtaichuan Electric Power Irrigation Project in the upper reaches of Yellow River

为促进景泰川电力提灌工程及其灌溉区(以下简称“景电工程”及“景电灌区”)持续健康发展,通过时间序列分析法,对比分析景电工程自建设以来产生的经济效益;利用2000—2020年的归一化植被指数数据,采用Slope趋势分析法,分析2000—2020年景电灌区植被指数的时空动态变化。结果表明:1980—2020年农村人均纯收入增加19854元;城乡居民储蓄存款增加近100倍;地区生产总值增加122亿元;财政收入增加5.78亿元,40年的时间里财政收入增加289倍。2000—2020年植被指数持续增加,区域生态呈显著改善状态,景电灌区灌溉面积已发展到60784 hm^(2),荒漠化土地面积减少2.0667万hm^(2),景电工程建成以后,生态得到有效恢复,促进了区域农业经济的快速发展,居民生活水平显著提高。

The ecological environment of the Yellow River basin was fragile,and the natural conditions varied greatly across different regions.This presented significant challenges for the coordinated development of the regional economy.At present,there were still serious ecological problems in the Yellow River,such as water shortages,ecological fragility,and the threat of natural disasters.Most regions of Gansu,Shaanxi,Ningxia,and other provinces and regions were located in arid and semi-arid areas.These areas had a dry climate,receive little rainfall,and had insufficient water resources.As a result,these provinces and region faced significant challenges in achieving both ecological protection and high-quality economic development.In order to promote the social and economic development of the Yellow River water shortage region,the provinces and region of Gansu,Ningxia and Shaanxi had undertaken a series of water irrigation projects with the support of the country.The construction and operation of these projects had greatly contributed to the social and economic development,as well as the ecological improvement,of the water area.However,over time,some secondary problems had also emerged.After completing the project,the adverse natural ecological conditions in the irrigation area were changed,leading to substantial economic and social benefits.However,due to the unsustainable irrigation methods in the area,the groundwater level was rising rapidly,resulting in ecological issues such as secondary soil salinization and the degradation of underground water quality.Therefore,it is significant to conduct a comprehensive benefit analysis and evaluation of the upper reaches of the Yellow River in order to gain an objective understanding of the existing problems and find solutions.The economic benefits of the Jingtaichuan Electric Power Irrigation Project since its construction would be analyzed using time series analysis.Based on the normalized vegetation index data from 2000 to 2020,an analysis was conducted to examine the time and space dynamic changes of the vegetation index in the Jingdian Irrigation Area using Slope trend analysis.The results showed that water transfer increased from 89.37 million m^(3) in 1973 to 605.77 million m^(3) in 2020,representing a five-fold increase.Additionally,the newly irrigated area was 911,800 mu.In 1973,power consumption was 18.18 million kW•h,and by 2020,it had increased to 1.00 billion kW•h,representing an increase of nearly 60 times.From 1980 to 2020,per capita net income in rural areas increased by 19,854 yuan.Savings deposits of both urban and rural residents have increased by nearly 100 times.Regional GDP increased by RMB 12.2 billion.Fiscal revenue increased by RMB 578 million yuan,which represented an increase of 289 times in 40 years.The vegetation index continued to increase,and the regional ecology showed significant improvement.The average I_(NDV) index reached its highest value of 0.41 in 2019.The windbreak and sand-fixing forest area constructed in the irrigated area reached 38,000 hectares.Moreover,the area showing an improvement in vegetation index has surpassed the degraded area,indicating an overall improvement in the state.The continuous expansion of salinealkali land area since 1980 could be attributed to long-term,unsustainable irrigation practices and extensive land management.After the completion of the Jingtaichuan Electric Power Irrigation Project,the ecology had been effectively restored,promoting the rapid development of the regional agricultural economy and the continuous improvement of residents'living standards.Overall,irrigation was conducted in the upper reaches of the Yellow River.Although the construction cost was significant,it could yield substantial social,economic,and ecological benefits.This could play a crucial role in harmonizing the relationship between people and the land,as well as promoting ecological protection and economic development.