农田系统中兽用抗生素污染特征及生态效应

Pollution characterization and ecological effects of veterinary antibiotic in farmland system

兽用抗生素(Veterinary antibiotics,VAs)作为一类抗菌药物,常用于治疗动物细菌感染及畜禽促生长,其使用量已超过全球抗生素使用总量70%。VAs进入农田后产生的生态危害和健康风险引起广泛关注。分析农田系统中VAs来源、环境行为及生物危害,结果表明,VAs主要通过有机肥施用及污水灌溉等途径进入农田系统,其环境行为会受自身理化性质及环境因素共同影响,导致吸附能力、迁移速率、半衰期等指标呈差异性特征,其生物活性还受土壤微生物、动物及作物富集影响。研究对农田系统中VAs污染特征及其生态效应作系统性综述,分析当前研究存在的不足,为后续相关研究工作提供参考借鉴,同时为保障农业水土资源可持续利用和粮食安全提供科学依据。

Veterinary antibiotics(VAs),as a class of antimicrobial drugs,are commonly used in treating of bacterial infections in animals and as growth promoters in livestock and poultry feeds,and their use has exceeded 70%of the total global use of antibiotics.The ecological hazards and health risks associated with the agricultural land VAs contamination are of widespread concern.The results of the systematic analysis of the source,environmental behavior and biohazard of VAs in farmland systems showed that VAs mainly enter the farmland system by applying organic fertilizers and wastewater irrigation,among others.Their environmental behavior is affected by their physicochemical properties,and environmental factors,which leads to differences in adsorption capacity,migration rate,half-life,and so on.It can also be enriched by soil microorganisms,animals and crops,which affects their bioactivity.This paper systematically reviewed the pollution characteristics and ecological effects of VAs in farmland systems and analyzed the deficiencies of current researches.It not only could provide reference for related researches,but also could provide a scientific basis for ensuring the sustainable utilization of agricultural soil and water resources and food security.